1. Origins Flashcards
Tehran: November 1943
Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill
Second front in France
War with Japan
Set up of the UN
Polish borders
Yalta: February 1945
Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill
What to do with Germany? Nazi trial Division of Germany and Berlin Elections in liberated countries Soviets demanded high German reparations
8 May 1945
VE day
16 July 1945
First successful test of the atomic bomb in USA
Potsdam: July 1945
Stalin, Truman, Atlee
4 Ds - division, democracy, demilitarisation, denazification
Nuremburg War Trials: 1945-1949
Fair oppertunity to defend themselves
Leading Nazis sentenced to death
Long Telegram 1946
American Ambassador to Washington (George Kennan)
Stalin wanted destruction of capitalism and thinks US want to destroy communism
Thinks USSR could back down
Novikov Telegram 1946
Soviet diplomat to Moscow (Nikolai Novikov)
Thought US wanted to dominate Russia with military powers
Didn’t want to cooperate
Soviet expansion (countries)
Czechslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria
How did Soviet expansion happen?
Coalitions set up
Tool over media and civil services
Other parties arrested
Fixed results for elections
Truman Doctrine: March 1947
The comtainment of communism in Europe
Made because UK ran out of funding
No longer following isolationism
Marshall Plan: 1948-1952
George Marshall, Secretary of State
Economic aid to war torn countries to contain communism
$13 billion of aid
Cominform: September 1947
Communist Information Bureau
Stalin could ensure countries took orders from Moscow
Trade with eachothe pr but nobody outside
Yugoslavia expelled in 1948 because Tito didnt want to take orders from Stalin
Comecon: January 1949
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
Alternative to aid being given ti the rest of Europe
5 year industrial plan
Berlin Blockade: June 1948
Stalin accused West of interfering and cut off all road, rail and canal traffic
The Berlin Airlift: 28 June 1948, 10 months
Planes landing at 90 second intervals
4600 tons of supplies a day not enough
Continued to April 1949 13000 tons landed in 24 hours at peak
Stalin called off blockade May 1949
NATO: 1949
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
12 countries
If any member was attacked others would assist
West Germany joined in 1955
Warsaw Pact: 1955
Response to NATO
Eastern bloc
Alliance under control of Soviet Union
Arms Race
First tested atom bomb - USA, 1945 and USSR, 1949
First tested hydrogen bomb - USA, 1952 and USSR, 1953
Spending of USA almost double USSR by 1953
Space Race
Sputnik 1 - USSR Earth orbitting satellite, 1957
Sputnik 2- first animal in space
First US satellite in space, 1958
