1-Orientation To Parasitology Flashcards
an organism that lives on or within another organism
Parasite
lives inside/within an organism
Endoparasite
Class of hookworms
Nematodes
parasites that cause direct harm to their host
Pathogenic parasites
parasites that do not directly cause harm to their host
Commensals
Organism that definitely needs to live off another organism to survive
Obligate parasites
Class of roundworms
Nematoda
Class of Echinococcus
Cestodes
Class of flukes
Trematoda
Subkingdom of amoeba
Protozoan
Subkingdom of Entamoeba
Protozoa
Phylum of insects
Arthropods
organism in/on which a parasite lives off of
Host
Class of Trichinella
Nematodes
Class of filarial worms
Nematodes
Subkingdom of Naegleria
Protozoa
Class of Diphyllobothrium
Cestodes
Subkingdom of Malaria
Protozoa
Class of Strongyloides
Nematodes
Class of Schistosoma
Trematoda
Subkingdom of Balantidium
Protozoa
host wherein the parasite continues any of its stages and acts as additional sources of human infection
Reservoir host
may live off of host/s or may exist in free-living form in the environment
Facultative parasites
stage in the life cycle that man usually identifies to confirm the presence of a parasitic infection
Diagnostic stage
lives on the surfaceof an organism
Ectoparasite
Class of flatworms
Cestoda
Usual type of host common with flukes
Intermediate host
Phylum of mosquito, ticks and lice
Anthropoda
host wherein the parasite lives off its adultand sexualstages
Definitive host
host wherein the parasite lives off its larval and asexual stages
Intermediate host
Type of host common with flatworms
Reservoir host
Class of Paragonimus
Trematoda
any organism responsible for transmittingparasitic infection from one host to another
Vector
Subkingdom of Giardia
Protozoa
Two types of ingestion as a common route of entry
Fecal-oral and Non-fecal contamination
Two types of skin penetration
Direct and Vector-borne
Class of ascaris
Nematodes
Class of Diphyllidium
Cestodes
Subkingdom of Babesia
Protozoa
stage in the life cycle that enables parasite to infectman
Infective stage
Class of Fasciola
Trematoda
Tapeworms are an example of what tupe of parasite?
Obligate parasite
Stage involved in the life cycle of the embryonated ascaris egg
Infective stage
Stage involved in the life cycle of the ascaris egg
Diagnostic stage
Area of biology concerned with the phenomena of dependence of one living organism or another A) parasitology B) medical parasitology C) tropical medicine D) pathology
A) Parasitology
Branch of medicine which deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems in the tropical region A) parasitology B) medical parasitology C) tropical medicine D) pathology
C) tropical medicine
Class of Fasciolopsis
Trematoda
Living together of unlike organism
Symbiosis
A host wherein the parasite attains sexual maturity A) definitive B) intermediate C) paratenic D) reservoir
A) definitive
Microorganism Found in the Intestinal lumen that is an example of commensalism
Entamoeba coli
Common infective stage of the larva
Rhabditiform and Filariform
Two organisms mutually benefit from each other like termites and flagellates A) commensalism B) mutualism C) parasitism D) predation
B) Mutualism
The organism lives in or on another at the expense of the host A) commensalism B) mutualism C) parasitism D) predation
C) parasitism
Two types of vector
Mechanical and biological
A parasite that is found in an organ which is not its usual habitat A) dormant B) active C) erratic D) inactive
C) Erratic
Parasite that does not develop further to later stages A) definitive B) intermediate C) paratenic D) reservoir
C) paratenic
True or false. Most parasites are facultative parasites.
False.
Mostly obligate parasites
Parasites that need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and propagate their species. A) obligate parasites B) facultative parasites C) both D) neither
A) obligate parasites
A parasite that establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live A) incidental parasite B) permanent parasite C) temporary parasite D) spurious parasite
A) Accidental/incidental parasite
Parasite that remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life A) incidental parasite B) permanent parasite C) temporary parasite D) spurious parasite
B) permanent parasite
Parasite that lives on the host only for a short period of time A) incidental parasite B) permanent parasite C) temporary parasite D) spurious parasite
C) temporary parasite
Concerned primarily with parasites of humans and their medical significance and importance in human communities A) parasitology B) medical parasitology C) tropical medicine D) pathology
B) medical parasitology
An illness which is indigenous to or endemic in a tropical area but may also be sporadic or epidemic proportions in areas that are not tropical
Tropical disease
This type of host harbors the asexual or larval stage of the stage of the parasite A) definitive B) intermediate C) paratenic D) reservoir
B) intermediate
True or false. In a paratenic host, the parasites remain alive and is still able to infect other hosts.
True
What type of host is a wild boar that has Paragonimus metacercariae? A) definitive B) intermediate C) paratenic D) reservoir
C) paratenic
This bridges the ecological gap between the definitive and intermediate hosts.
Paratenic host
In Taeniasis, humans are considered what type of host? A) definitive B) intermediate C) paratenic D) reservoir
A) definitive
This type of host allows the parasite's life cycle to continue and become add'l sources of human infection. A) definitive B) intermediate C) paratenic D) reservoir
D) reservoir
A free-living organism that passes throughout the digestive tract w/o infecting the host A) incidental parasite B) permanent parasite C) temporary parasite D) spurious parasite
D) spurious parasite
This organism uses pigs as a reservoir host.
Balantidium coli
The most important host in the spread of disease: A) rats B) pigs C) humans D) insects
C) humans
This transmits the parasite only after it has completed its development within the host.
Biological vector
A good example of this are flies and cockroaches that feed on fecal material and carry enteric organisms and transfer these to food. They only transport the parasite.
MechanicL/phoretic vector
This harbors a particular pathogen w/o manifesting any signs and symptoms.
Carrier
Process of inoculating an infective agent
Exposure
Connotes the establishment of infective agent in the host
Infection
The period of inoculating an infective agent
Clinical Incubation period
The period between infection/acquisition of the parasite and evidence of infection.
Pre-patent/biological incubation period
This results when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection.
Autoinfection
This microorganism enter the skin via water.
Schistosoma
Two species living together wherein one species benefits from the relationship w/o harming or benefiting the other A) commensalism B) mutualism C) parasitism D) predation
A) Commensalism
The presence of endoparasite in a host
Infection
This happens when the already infected individual is further infected with the same species leading to massive infection with the parasite.
Super/hyperinfection
These animals are commonly infected with Hymenolepis nana A) rats B) dogs C) cats D) pigs
A) rats
Presence of ectoparasite on a host
Infestation
Raw Bullastra snails are usually with what microorganism?
Echinostoma malayanum
Parasite that may exist in Free-living state or parasitic when the need rises. A) obligate parasites B) facultative parasites C) both D) neither
B) facultative parasites
Humans: definitive host is to pigs: \_\_\_\_\_\_ host A) definitive B) intermediate C) paratenic D) reservoir
B) intermediate
Medium used for development of ascaris, trichuris, strongyloides and hookworms
Soil
Parasites that can be transmitted through the mother’s milk
Ancylostoma and strongyloides
The study of patterns, distribution and occurrence of disease.
Epidemiology
Vectors of malaria and filaria
Mosquitos
Chaga’s disease is caused by _______ which are carried by Triatoma bugs.
Trypanosoma cruzi
Consumption of undercooked or raw freshwater fish can result in several intestinal and liver ________.
Fluke infections
Natural vectors of leshmaniasis
Sandflies
Direct sources of Toxoplasma infection A) rats B) dogs C) cats D) pigs
C) cats
Medium used for the contamination of amoeba and flagellates
Water
Trichomonas vaginalis is acquired through: A) inhalation B) injection C) oral feeding D) coitus
D) coitus
True or false. As the life cycle becomes more complicated, there are more chances for the parasite to survive.
False.
The trophoziotes that can cross the placental barrier during pregnancy.
Toxoplasma gondii
Microorganisms that come from drinking water contaminated with cyst.
Entamoeba and giardia
