1-Classification of Medically Important Parasites Flashcards
TRUE/FALSE. Cysts may serve as sites for reorganization and nuclear division.
TRUE
Roberts, L. and Janovy, J. Foundations of Parasitology.6thEd
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY paired?
a) random:amoeba
b) transverse:flagellates
c) transverse:ciliates
d) longitudinal:kinetisomes
b) transverse:flagellates
The plane of fission of flagellates is LONGITUDINAL/SYMMETROGENIC.
Unicellular; Contain an organelle for a specific function; Nutrition requires organic materials (holozoic)
protozoans
Only protozoan with intermediate flagella and blunted pseudopods. This does not form trophozoites and cysts.
Naegleria
Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Sarcodina, extra-intestinal
Protozoans form these for active feeding and reproduction.
Trophozoites
Two types of multiple fission
1) Schizogony: the nucleus and other organelles divide repeatedly before cytokinesis
2) Sporogony: multiple fission after the union of gametes
This causes meningoencephalitis.
a) Naegleria
b) Entamoeba
c) Plasmodium
d) Acanthamoeba
a) Naegleria
Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Sarcodina, extra-intestinal
This causes diarrhea.
a) Giardia
b) Trichomonas
c) Entamoeba
d) Acanthamoeba
a) Giardia
Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Mastigophora
slender, whiplike structure arising from the ectoplasm
Flagella
When environment is not conducive, protozoans form _______.
a) trophozoites
b) xenosomes
c) kineties
d) cysts
d) cysts
This serves as their PROTECTION.
The following are examples of extraintestinal sarcodina EXCEPT: A) Naegleria B) Iodamoeba butschlii C) Acanthamoeba D) Entamoeba gingivalis
B) Iodamoeba butschlii
This is an example of intestinal sarcodina.
The following protozoan functions require a wet environment EXCEPT:
a) feeding
b) locomotion
c) reproduction
d) osmoregulation
e) excretion
f) None of the above
e) excretion
These protozoans have anterior-posterior axis which allows them to have Longitudinal Asexual Reproduction.
Subphyla Mastigophora
This causes most of sexually transmitted diseases.
a) Giardia
b) Trichomonas
c) Entamoeba
d) Acanthamoeba
b) Trichomonas
Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Mastigophora
The only Class under Phylum Apicomplexa
Class Sporozoa
This protozoan exhibits transverse asexual reproduction.
Ciliaphora
Two subgroups of Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Subphyla Mastigophora and Subphyla Sarcodina
TRUE/FALSE. Besides Entamoeba escherichia, other entamoeba are commensals in the GI.
TRUE
Subphyla that has an Organelle of locomotion:Pseudopodia
Subphyla Sarcodina
Only pathogenic entamoeba thru orofecal contamination.
Entamoeba histolytica
Only parasite under Phylum Ciliophora.
Balantidium coli
This protozoan causes malaria. A) Plasmodium B) Babesia C) Toxoplasma D) Cyclospora E) Cryptosporidium
A) Plasmodium
Phylum Apicomplexa, Class sporozoa
Two orders under the class of Cestoda.
Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea
These protozoans cause Chagas Disease and African Sleeping Sickness.
a) Giardia
b) Trichomonas
c) Trypanosoma
d) Leishmania
c) Trypanosoma
Phyla Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Mastigophora
2 classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes
Cestoda and Trematoda
Spore-forming protozoans
Microspora
3 Major groups of clinically significant parasites
Protozoans, metazoan helminths, arthropods
Roundworms have the following characteristics EXCEPT A) Non-metameric B) Bilaterally symmetrical C) Triploblastic and Pseudocoelomate D) Incomplete digestive tract
D) incomplete digestive tract
What is the use of the apical complex in sporozoans?
Penetration
3 Phylums of Subkingdom Metazoa Helminths
Annelida, Nemathelminthes, Platyhelminthes
Roundworms belong to what phylum and class?
Phylum Nemathelminthes
Class Nematoda
5 Types of Protozoans under the Subphyla Mastigophora
Giardia Chilomastix Trichomonas Dientamoeba Trypanosoma Leishmania
What sensory organ has unicellular receptors in the lateral tail region and is important for classification?
Phasmids
2 Classes under Phylum Nemathelminthes
Adenophores and Secernentia
This structure is a fluid-filled body cavity in w/c the gut and other organs are suspended.
Coelomate
4 Phylums of the Subkingdom Protozoans
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Phylum Ciliophora
Phylum Apicomplexa
Phylum Microspora
These are aphasmid nematodes.
Class Adenophorea
Subkingdom Metazoa, Phylum Nemathelminthes
3 medically important aphasmids
Trichuris, Trichinella, and Capillaria.
Subkingdom Metazoa, Phylum Nemathelminthes, Class Adenophorea
These are segmented platyhelminthes.
Class Cestodas
Phylum platyhelminthes
What sensory organ can be found at the anterior end, at base of the lips and is the principal chemosensory organ of nematodes?
amphids
TRUE/FALSE. The male ascaris is longer than the female ascaris and has a hook-like tail used to attach for copulation.
FALSE.
Females are longer than males.
TRUE/FALSE. Phylum Annelida are unsegmented.
FALSE
They are segmented with repetitive parts.
TRUE/FALSE. Secernentia are both aphasmid and phasmid nematodes.
TRUE
Locomotor organelle: temporary extensions of the cell membrane for locomotion and feeding
Pseudopodia
These protozoans have oral suckers and ventral suckers but NO genital suckers.
Class Trematodas
Phylum platyhelminthes
These are unsegmented platyhelminthes.
Class Trematodas
Phylum platyhelminthes
Nematodes found in the colon.
Enterobius and Trichuris
This separates the coelom.
Septa
It’s flagella can be found on top of its head.
a) Giardia
b) Trichomonas
c) Entamoeba
d) Acanthamoeba
b) Trichomonas
Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Mastigophora
Nematodes found in the extra-intestinal.
Angiostrongylus, Filarial worms, Trichinella
The infective stage of flukes is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that develops in the \_\_\_\_ intermediate host. A. Metacarcariae; 1st B. Metacarcariae; 2nd C. Carcariae; 1st D. Carcariae; 2nd
B. Metacarcariae; 2nd
The infective stage of this trematoda is carcariae.
Schistosomas
Phylum platyhelminthes
The Schistosoma is found in veins and belongs to what phylum?
Phylum platyhelminthes
These helminths have incomplete digestive tracts(no anus) and no circulatory system.
Class trematoda
Phylum platyhelminthes
These protozoans are dorsolaterally flattened, bilateral symmetry, and hermaphroditic.
Phylum platyhelminthes
This trematoda mimics tuberculosis and found in the lungs.
Paragonimus
Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Trematoda
This type of metazoan has no digestive tract.
Class Cestoda
Phylum platyhelminthes
Cestoda has an anterior structure called ________ followed by the neck and strobila.
Scolex
These have bilaterally symmetrical, segmented bodies, exoskeleton, and jointed appendages.
Phylum Arthropoda
Multicellular protozoans that contain internal organ systems and are characterized by elongated, flat or round bodies.
Metazoan helminths
This exhibits spatulate scolex with sucking grooves(Bothria).
Order Pseudophyllidea
Phylum platyhelminthes, Class Cestoda
Trematodas require 2 intermediate hosts wherein the 1st one is always a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Clam B. Snail C. Leech D. Squid
B. snail
The life cycle of this protozoan is characterized by ALTERNATING sexual and asexual reproduction.
Class Sporozoa
This exhibits globular scolex with 4 muscular suckers and has non-operculated eggs.
order Cyclophyllidea
Phylum platyhelminthes, Class Cestoda
TRUE/FALSE. The Pseudophyllidea has more observable shedding or proglottids.
FALSE.
This is exhibited by Cyclophyllidea.
These are the only two parasites that belong in the Phylum Platyhelminthes which require TWO intermediate hosts.
Flukes and Pseudophyllidea
TRUE/FALSE. Trematodas have operculated eggs.
TRUE
The class that flatworms and flukes belong to.
Class Trematoda
Phylum platyhelminthes
TRUE/FALSE. Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea require two intermediate hosts: (1)procercoid and (2)pterocercoid larva.
FALSE.
cyclophyllidea has only one intermediate host
Examples of P.plathelminthes, C. Cestoda, O. Pseudophyllidea
Diphyllobothrium latum and Spirometra
Examples of P.plathelminthes, C. Cestoda, O.cyclophyllidea
Dipytidium, Echinococcus, Hymenolepis, Raillientina, Taenia
Tapeworms hierarchal classification
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Cestoda
Which of the following is NOT true? A. Paragonimus: lungs B. Fasciola: liver C. Schistosoma: veins D. None of the Above
D. None of the Above
Asexual reproduction is often through:
a) budding
b) parthogenesis
c) binary fission
d) binary fusion
c) binary fission
Definition: one individual divides into two
The hexacanth has how many pairs of hooklets? A) one B) two C) three D) four
C) three
cyclophyllidea: hexacanth embryo(oncosphere) then pseudophyllidea: ______________.
Ciliated oncosphere/coracidium
Nematodes found in the small intestine.
Ascaris, Capillaria, Hookworm, and Strongyloides.
What phylum does leeches belong to?
Phylum Annelida
This part of the metazoans is where the eggs are realesed.
Uterine pore.
This is absent in Order Cyclophyllidea.
2 orders under the class cestoda
pseudophylidea and cyclophylidea
Trichinella spiralis is what type of nematoda? A) intestinal B) extra-intestinal C) cutaneous D) oral-fecal
B) extra-intestinal
TRUE/FALSE. All nematodes that are medically and public health importance are hermaphrodite.
FALSE.
They are diecious (separate sexes).
Protozoan phylum that has presence of an apical complex.
Apicomplexa
These are infective stages that are relatively resistant to environment changes.
Cysts
Infective stage: cyst while vegetative stage: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A) coelomates B) trophozoites C) larva D) embryonic eggs
B) trophozoites
All protozoa fall under what kingdom? A) protista B) fungi C) archaebacteria D) animalia
A) protista
Taenia solium belongs to what order of cestoda?
Cyclophillidea
Fasciola hepatica belongs to what class of protozoans? A) nematoda B) cestoda C) trematoda D) anthropoda
C) trematoda
This apparatus helps the organism penetrate into the target cells.
Apical complex
Filarial worms are examples of what type of nematoda? A) intestinal B) extra-intestinal C) cutaneous D) oral-fecal
B) extra-intestinal
Tongue worms belong to what classification?
Class pentastomida
Enterocytozoon and Encephalitozoon belong to phylum A) sarcomatigophora B) apicomplexa C) microspora D) ciliophora
C) microspora
These are the only three aphasmid worms that are medically important.
Trichuris, trichinella and capillaria.
Classification: Subkingdom metazoa, Phylum nemathelminthes, Class adenophorea
Centipedes belong to what classification?
Class chilopoda
Plasmodium belongs to phylum: A) sarcomatigophora B) apicomplexa C) microspora D) ciliophora
B) apicomplexa
Most nematodes are found in which organ/s of the body? A) small intestine B) large intestine C) rectum D) A and B only E) all of the above
D) A and B only
Nematodes usually found in the colon. A) Trichuris and Enterobius B) wuchereria and Brugia C) strongyloides and ascaris D) angiostrongylus
A) Trichuris and Enterobius
Nematodes found in the eyes and meninges. A) Trichuris and Enterobius B) wuchereria and Brugia C) strongyloides and ascaris D) angiostrongylus
D) Angiotrongylus
Millipedes belong to what classification?
Class diplopoda
Nematodes usually found in the small intestine. A) Trichuris and Enterobius B) wuchereria and Brugia C) strongyloides and ascaris D) angiostrongylus
C) strongyloides and ascaris
These are phasmid nematodes
Secernentia
Nematodes usually encysted in the muscles. A) angiostrongylus B) capillaria C) trichinella D) enterobius
C) trichinella
Spirometra is What order of cestoda?
Pseudophyllidea
Mode of infection of ascaris, trichuris and enterobius. A) ingestion of embryonated eggs B) skin penetration of filariform larvae C) ingestion of infective larvae D) bite
A) ingestion of embryonated eggs
True or false. Members of the platyhelminthes are dorso-ventrally flattened with unilateral symmetry.
False.
They are bilaterally symmetric.
These are leaf-like in appearance and unsegmented. A) nematodes B) cestodes C) trematodes D) anthropods
C) trematodes
True or false. Both cestodes and trematodes do not have a Circulatory system.
True
Main organ of attachment of worms to the definitive host. A) coelomate B) hexacanth C) scolex D) metacarcariae
C) scolex
Near the neck: immature proglottids while distal to the neck: _________
Gravid segments
The pseudophyllidean tapeworms have spatula scolex with sucking grooves called _______.
Bothria
Since cyclophyllidea do not possess uterine pore, it undergoes the process of ________ whereby gravid segments are detached from the main body of the worm and eggs are released.
Apolysis
True or false. In pseudophyllidean infections, both eggs and segments are recovered from the patient.
False
cyclophyllidean infections possess this characteristic.
True or false. Adult tapeworms are hermaphroditic.
True
Paeudophyllidean eggs require aquatic development of the embryo called _____.
Coracidium
Adult trematodes are provided with an oral sucker and ventral sucker called: A) gonotyl B) acetabulum C) coracidium D) hexacanth
B) acetabulum
This type of sucker is observed only among heterophyids. A) oral sucker B) ventral sucker C) genital sucker D) dorsal sucker
C) genital sucker
Considered the region of growth because from it will start segmentation. A) scolex B) neck C) strobila D) proglottids
B) neck
Adult paragonimus can be found in: A) lung parenchyma B) liver and bile passages C) mesenteric veins D) intestines
A) lung parenchyma
Fasciola, Clonorchis, and Opisthorchis are a group of flukes that inhabit: A) lung parenchyma B) liver and bile passages C) mesenteric veins D) intestines
B) liver and bile passages
Fasciolopsis, Echinostoma and Heterophyids inhabit the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) lung parenchyma B) liver and bile passages C) mesenteric veins D) intestines
D) intestines
Characterized to have segmented and jointed appendages A) nematodes B) cestodes C) trematodes D) arthropods
D) arthropods
Diphyllobothrium: adult infection while Spirometra: ___________
Larval infection
The body of the arthropods consists of _______ exoskeleton.
Chinitous
Fly larvae have been isolated from cases of infestation and invasion of human skin called ______.
Myiasis
Adult schistosomes are found in: A) lung parenchyma B) liver and bile passages C) mesenteric veins D) intestines
C) mesenteric veins
Type of nutrition protozoans possess A) mesozoic B) holozoic C) paleozoic D) homozoic
B) holozoic