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Parasitology > 1-Classification of Medically Important Parasites > Flashcards

1-Classification of Medically Important Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Cysts may serve as sites for reorganization and nuclear division.

A

TRUE

Roberts, L. and Janovy, J. Foundations of Parasitology.6thEd

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2
Q

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY paired?

a) random:amoeba
b) transverse:flagellates
c) transverse:ciliates
d) longitudinal:kinetisomes

A

b) transverse:flagellates

The plane of fission of flagellates is LONGITUDINAL/SYMMETROGENIC.

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4
Q

Unicellular; Contain an organelle for a specific function; Nutrition requires organic materials (holozoic)

A

protozoans

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5
Q

Only protozoan with intermediate flagella and blunted pseudopods. This does not form trophozoites and cysts.

A

Naegleria

Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Sarcodina, extra-intestinal

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6
Q

Protozoans form these for active feeding and reproduction.

A

Trophozoites

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7
Q

Two types of multiple fission

A

1) Schizogony: the nucleus and other organelles divide repeatedly before cytokinesis
2) Sporogony: multiple fission after the union of gametes

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8
Q

This causes meningoencephalitis.

a) Naegleria
b) Entamoeba
c) Plasmodium
d) Acanthamoeba

A

a) Naegleria

Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Sarcodina, extra-intestinal

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9
Q

This causes diarrhea.

a) Giardia
b) Trichomonas
c) Entamoeba
d) Acanthamoeba

A

a) Giardia

Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Mastigophora

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10
Q

slender, whiplike structure arising from the ectoplasm

A

Flagella

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11
Q

When environment is not conducive, protozoans form _______.

a) trophozoites
b) xenosomes
c) kineties
d) cysts

A

d) cysts

This serves as their PROTECTION.

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13
Q 
The following are examples of extraintestinal sarcodina EXCEPT:
A) Naegleria
B) Iodamoeba butschlii
C) Acanthamoeba
D) Entamoeba gingivalis
A

B) Iodamoeba butschlii

This is an example of intestinal sarcodina.

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14
Q

The following protozoan functions require a wet environment EXCEPT:

a) feeding
b) locomotion
c) reproduction
d) osmoregulation
e) excretion
f) None of the above

A

e) excretion

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15
Q

These protozoans have anterior-posterior axis which allows them to have Longitudinal Asexual Reproduction.

A

Subphyla Mastigophora

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17
Q

This causes most of sexually transmitted diseases.

a) Giardia
b) Trichomonas
c) Entamoeba
d) Acanthamoeba

A

b) Trichomonas

Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Mastigophora

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18
Q

The only Class under Phylum Apicomplexa

A

Class Sporozoa

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19
Q

This protozoan exhibits transverse asexual reproduction.

A

Ciliaphora

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21
Q

Two subgroups of Phylum Sarcomastigophora

A

Subphyla Mastigophora and Subphyla Sarcodina

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23
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Besides Entamoeba escherichia, other entamoeba are commensals in the GI.

A

TRUE

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25
Q

Subphyla that has an Organelle of locomotion:Pseudopodia

A

Subphyla Sarcodina

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26
Q

Only pathogenic entamoeba thru orofecal contamination.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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27
Q

Only parasite under Phylum Ciliophora.

A

Balantidium coli

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28
Q 
This protozoan causes malaria.
A) Plasmodium
B) Babesia
C) Toxoplasma
D) Cyclospora
E) Cryptosporidium
A

A) Plasmodium

Phylum Apicomplexa, Class sporozoa

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29
Q

Two orders under the class of Cestoda.

A

Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea

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30
Q

These protozoans cause Chagas Disease and African Sleeping Sickness.

a) Giardia
b) Trichomonas
c) Trypanosoma
d) Leishmania

A

c) Trypanosoma

Phyla Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Mastigophora

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31
Q

2 classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Cestoda and Trematoda

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32
Q

Spore-forming protozoans

A

Microspora

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33
Q

3 Major groups of clinically significant parasites

A

Protozoans, metazoan helminths, arthropods

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34
Q 
Roundworms have the following characteristics EXCEPT
A) Non-metameric
B) Bilaterally symmetrical
C) Triploblastic and Pseudocoelomate
D) Incomplete digestive tract
A

D) incomplete digestive tract

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35
Q

What is the use of the apical complex in sporozoans?

A

Penetration

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36
Q

3 Phylums of Subkingdom Metazoa Helminths

A

Annelida, Nemathelminthes, Platyhelminthes

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37
Q

Roundworms belong to what phylum and class?

A

Phylum Nemathelminthes

Class Nematoda

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38
Q

5 Types of Protozoans under the Subphyla Mastigophora

A 
Giardia
Chilomastix
Trichomonas
Dientamoeba
Trypanosoma
Leishmania
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39
Q

What sensory organ has unicellular receptors in the lateral tail region and is important for classification?

A

Phasmids

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40
Q

2 Classes under Phylum Nemathelminthes

A

Adenophores and Secernentia

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41
Q

This structure is a fluid-filled body cavity in w/c the gut and other organs are suspended.

A

Coelomate

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44
Q

4 Phylums of the Subkingdom Protozoans

A

Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Phylum Ciliophora
Phylum Apicomplexa
Phylum Microspora

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45
Q

These are aphasmid nematodes.

A

Class Adenophorea

Subkingdom Metazoa, Phylum Nemathelminthes

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46
Q

3 medically important aphasmids

A

Trichuris, Trichinella, and Capillaria.

Subkingdom Metazoa, Phylum Nemathelminthes, Class Adenophorea

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47
Q

These are segmented platyhelminthes.

A

Class Cestodas

Phylum platyhelminthes

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48
Q

What sensory organ can be found at the anterior end, at base of the lips and is the principal chemosensory organ of nematodes?

A

amphids

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49
Q

TRUE/FALSE. The male ascaris is longer than the female ascaris and has a hook-like tail used to attach for copulation.

A

FALSE.

Females are longer than males.

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50
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Phylum Annelida are unsegmented.

A

FALSE

They are segmented with repetitive parts.

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51
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Secernentia are both aphasmid and phasmid nematodes.

A

TRUE

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52
Q

Locomotor organelle: temporary extensions of the cell membrane for locomotion and feeding

A

Pseudopodia

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53
Q

These protozoans have oral suckers and ventral suckers but NO genital suckers.

A

Class Trematodas

Phylum platyhelminthes

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54
Q

These are unsegmented platyhelminthes.

A

Class Trematodas

Phylum platyhelminthes

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55
Q

Nematodes found in the colon.

A

Enterobius and Trichuris

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56
Q

This separates the coelom.

A

Septa

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57
Q

It’s flagella can be found on top of its head.

a) Giardia
b) Trichomonas
c) Entamoeba
d) Acanthamoeba

A

b) Trichomonas

Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Subphyla Mastigophora

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58
Q

Nematodes found in the extra-intestinal.

A

Angiostrongylus, Filarial worms, Trichinella

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59
Q 
The infective stage of flukes is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that develops in the \_\_\_\_ intermediate host.
A. Metacarcariae; 1st
B. Metacarcariae; 2nd
C. Carcariae; 1st
D. Carcariae; 2nd
A

B. Metacarcariae; 2nd

60
Q

The infective stage of this trematoda is carcariae.

A

Schistosomas

Phylum platyhelminthes

61
Q

The Schistosoma is found in veins and belongs to what phylum?

A

Phylum platyhelminthes

62
Q

These helminths have incomplete digestive tracts(no anus) and no circulatory system.

A

Class trematoda

Phylum platyhelminthes

63
Q

These protozoans are dorsolaterally flattened, bilateral symmetry, and hermaphroditic.

A

Phylum platyhelminthes

64
Q

This trematoda mimics tuberculosis and found in the lungs.

A

Paragonimus

Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Trematoda

66
Q

This type of metazoan has no digestive tract.

A

Class Cestoda

Phylum platyhelminthes

67
Q

Cestoda has an anterior structure called ________ followed by the neck and strobila.

A

Scolex

68
Q

These have bilaterally symmetrical, segmented bodies, exoskeleton, and jointed appendages.

A

Phylum Arthropoda

69
Q

Multicellular protozoans that contain internal organ systems and are characterized by elongated, flat or round bodies.

A

Metazoan helminths

70
Q

This exhibits spatulate scolex with sucking grooves(Bothria).

A

Order Pseudophyllidea

Phylum platyhelminthes, Class Cestoda

71
Q 
Trematodas require 2 intermediate hosts wherein the 1st one is always a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Clam
B. Snail
C. Leech
D. Squid
A

B. snail

72
Q

The life cycle of this protozoan is characterized by ALTERNATING sexual and asexual reproduction.

A

Class Sporozoa

73
Q

This exhibits globular scolex with 4 muscular suckers and has non-operculated eggs.

A

order Cyclophyllidea

Phylum platyhelminthes, Class Cestoda

74
Q

TRUE/FALSE. The Pseudophyllidea has more observable shedding or proglottids.

A

FALSE.

This is exhibited by Cyclophyllidea.

75
Q

These are the only two parasites that belong in the Phylum Platyhelminthes which require TWO intermediate hosts.

A

Flukes and Pseudophyllidea

76
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Trematodas have operculated eggs.

A

TRUE

77
Q

The class that flatworms and flukes belong to.

A

Class Trematoda

Phylum platyhelminthes

78
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea require two intermediate hosts: (1)procercoid and (2)pterocercoid larva.

A

FALSE.

cyclophyllidea has only one intermediate host

79
Q

Examples of P.plathelminthes, C. Cestoda, O. Pseudophyllidea

A

Diphyllobothrium latum and Spirometra

80
Q

Examples of P.plathelminthes, C. Cestoda, O.cyclophyllidea

A

Dipytidium, Echinococcus, Hymenolepis, Raillientina, Taenia

81
Q

Tapeworms hierarchal classification

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Cestoda

82
Q 
Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Paragonimus: lungs
B. Fasciola: liver
C. Schistosoma: veins
D. None of the Above
A

D. None of the Above

83
Q

Asexual reproduction is often through:

a) budding
b) parthogenesis
c) binary fission
d) binary fusion

A

c) binary fission

Definition: one individual divides into two

84
Q 
The hexacanth has how many pairs of hooklets?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
A

C) three

85
Q

cyclophyllidea: hexacanth embryo(oncosphere) then pseudophyllidea: ______________.

A

Ciliated oncosphere/coracidium

86
Q

Nematodes found in the small intestine.

A

Ascaris, Capillaria, Hookworm, and Strongyloides.

87
Q

What phylum does leeches belong to?

A

Phylum Annelida

89
Q

This part of the metazoans is where the eggs are realesed.

A

Uterine pore.

This is absent in Order Cyclophyllidea.

90
Q

2 orders under the class cestoda

A

pseudophylidea and cyclophylidea

92
Q 
Trichinella spiralis is what type of nematoda?
A) intestinal
B) extra-intestinal
C) cutaneous
D) oral-fecal
A

B) extra-intestinal

93
Q

TRUE/FALSE. All nematodes that are medically and public health importance are hermaphrodite.

A

FALSE.

They are diecious (separate sexes).

95
Q

Protozoan phylum that has presence of an apical complex.

A

Apicomplexa

95
Q

These are infective stages that are relatively resistant to environment changes.

A

Cysts

96
Q 
Infective stage: cyst while vegetative stage: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A) coelomates
B) trophozoites
C) larva
D) embryonic eggs
A

B) trophozoites

97
Q 
All protozoa fall under what kingdom?
A) protista
B) fungi
C) archaebacteria
D) animalia
A

A) protista

99
Q

Taenia solium belongs to what order of cestoda?

A

Cyclophillidea

100
Q 
Fasciola hepatica belongs to what class of protozoans?
A) nematoda
B) cestoda
C) trematoda
D) anthropoda
A

C) trematoda

101
Q

This apparatus helps the organism penetrate into the target cells.

A

Apical complex

101
Q 
Filarial worms are examples of what type of nematoda?
A) intestinal
B) extra-intestinal
C) cutaneous
D) oral-fecal
A

B) extra-intestinal

103
Q

Tongue worms belong to what classification?

A

Class pentastomida

104
Q 
Enterocytozoon and Encephalitozoon belong to phylum
A) sarcomatigophora
B) apicomplexa
C) microspora
D) ciliophora
A

C) microspora

105
Q

These are the only three aphasmid worms that are medically important.

A

Trichuris, trichinella and capillaria.

Classification: Subkingdom metazoa, Phylum nemathelminthes, Class adenophorea

106
Q

Centipedes belong to what classification?

A

Class chilopoda

107
Q 
Plasmodium belongs to phylum:
A) sarcomatigophora
B) apicomplexa
C) microspora
D) ciliophora
A

B) apicomplexa

108
Q 
Most nematodes are found in which organ/s of the body?
A) small intestine
B) large intestine
C) rectum
D) A and B only
E) all of the above
A

D) A and B only

109
Q 
Nematodes usually found in the colon.
A) Trichuris and Enterobius
B) wuchereria and Brugia
C) strongyloides and ascaris
D) angiostrongylus
A

A) Trichuris and Enterobius

110
Q 
Nematodes found in the eyes and meninges.
A) Trichuris and Enterobius
B) wuchereria and Brugia
C) strongyloides and ascaris
D) angiostrongylus
A

D) Angiotrongylus

111
Q

Millipedes belong to what classification?

A

Class diplopoda

112
Q 
Nematodes usually found in the small intestine.
A) Trichuris and Enterobius
B) wuchereria and Brugia
C) strongyloides and ascaris
D) angiostrongylus
A

C) strongyloides and ascaris

113
Q

These are phasmid nematodes

A

Secernentia

114
Q 
Nematodes usually encysted in the muscles.
A) angiostrongylus
B) capillaria
C) trichinella
D) enterobius
A

C) trichinella

115
Q

Spirometra is What order of cestoda?

A

Pseudophyllidea

116
Q 
Mode of infection of ascaris, trichuris and enterobius.
A) ingestion of embryonated eggs
B) skin penetration of filariform larvae
C) ingestion of infective larvae
D) bite
A

A) ingestion of embryonated eggs

117
Q

True or false. Members of the platyhelminthes are dorso-ventrally flattened with unilateral symmetry.

A

False.

They are bilaterally symmetric.

118
Q 
These are leaf-like in appearance and unsegmented.
A) nematodes
B) cestodes
C) trematodes
D) anthropods
A

C) trematodes

119
Q

True or false. Both cestodes and trematodes do not have a Circulatory system.

A

True

120
Q 
Main organ of attachment of worms to the definitive host.
A) coelomate
B) hexacanth
C) scolex
D) metacarcariae
A

C) scolex

121
Q

Near the neck: immature proglottids while distal to the neck: _________

A

Gravid segments

122
Q

The pseudophyllidean tapeworms have spatula scolex with sucking grooves called _______.

A

Bothria

123
Q

Since cyclophyllidea do not possess uterine pore, it undergoes the process of ________ whereby gravid segments are detached from the main body of the worm and eggs are released.

A

Apolysis

124
Q

True or false. In pseudophyllidean infections, both eggs and segments are recovered from the patient.

A

False

cyclophyllidean infections possess this characteristic.

125
Q

True or false. Adult tapeworms are hermaphroditic.

A

True

126
Q

Paeudophyllidean eggs require aquatic development of the embryo called _____.

A

Coracidium

127
Q 
Adult trematodes are provided with an oral sucker and ventral sucker called:
A) gonotyl
B) acetabulum
C) coracidium
D) hexacanth
A

B) acetabulum

128
Q 
This type of sucker is observed only among heterophyids.
A) oral sucker
B) ventral sucker
C) genital sucker
D) dorsal sucker
A

C) genital sucker

129
Q 
Considered the region of growth because from it will start segmentation.
A) scolex
B) neck
C) strobila
D) proglottids
A

B) neck

130
Q 
Adult paragonimus can be found in:
A) lung parenchyma
B) liver and bile passages
C) mesenteric veins
D) intestines
A

A) lung parenchyma

131
Q 
Fasciola, Clonorchis, and Opisthorchis are a group of flukes that inhabit:
A) lung parenchyma
B) liver and bile passages
C) mesenteric veins
D) intestines
A

B) liver and bile passages

132
Q 
Fasciolopsis, Echinostoma and Heterophyids inhabit the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) lung parenchyma
B) liver and bile passages
C) mesenteric veins
D) intestines
A

D) intestines

133
Q 
Characterized to have segmented and jointed appendages
A) nematodes
B) cestodes
C) trematodes
D) arthropods
A

D) arthropods

134
Q

Diphyllobothrium: adult infection while Spirometra: ___________

A

Larval infection

135
Q

The body of the arthropods consists of _______ exoskeleton.

A

Chinitous

136
Q

Fly larvae have been isolated from cases of infestation and invasion of human skin called ______.

A

Myiasis

137
Q 
Adult schistosomes are found in:
A) lung parenchyma
B) liver and bile passages
C) mesenteric veins
D) intestines
A

C) mesenteric veins

138
Q 
Type of nutrition protozoans possess
A) mesozoic
B) holozoic
C) paleozoic
D) homozoic
A

B) holozoic

Parasitology (2 decks)

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