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Bds3 - RMAOH PERIODONTOLOGY > 1 Occlusal Trauma - Periodontal Physiology and concepts of occlusal loading of teeth > Flashcards

1 Occlusal Trauma - Periodontal Physiology and concepts of occlusal loading of teeth Flashcards

1
Q

What does periodontium consist of ?

A

PDL
Gingiva
Alveolar bone
Root cementum

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2
Q

Diagram

A
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3
Q

What is the width of the PDL ( when healthy ) ?

A

Roughly 0.25 mm
(0.2-0.4 mm)

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4
Q

What is biologic width ?

A

Width from the tip of the alveolar crest of the bone to the tip of the gingival epithelium

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5
Q

Why do we have a PDL?

A

Retention of the tooth - via gomphosis joint system

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6
Q

What is ankylosis?

A

Fusion between alveolar bone and the cementum of the teeth

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7
Q

What is gomphosis?

A

Fibrous mobile root-and-socket joint

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8
Q

How can teeth be joined to the bone?

How are teeth joined in HUMANS?

A

Ankylosis or gomphosis

GOMPHOSIS
we do NOT have ankylosis - sharks have ankylosis

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9
Q

What is the function of the PDL?

A
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10
Q

Why do we need a joint?
Aka why gomphosis?

A

Joint absorbs pressure

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11
Q

Occlusal loading and PDL
What effect does occlusal loading have on the PDL?

A

Occlusal loading causes PDL to change - width can change and also in orthodontics - relies on PDL

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12
Q

How is PDL width maintained?

A
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13
Q

Occlusal loading and PDL

What is hypofunction of PDL?
What does hypofunction of PDL lead to ?

A

Reduced function of the PDL

(Eg when you have less occlusal loading / stress to the pdl/tooth)

Reduced loading = narrow PDL

Results in:
- bone formation
- narrowing of ligament space
- hyalinisation of the ligament fibres

Collagen fibres are disorganised with lower intensity and patchy appearance

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14
Q

Occlusal loading and PDL
Hyperfunction of pdl 1

what is hyperfunction of PDL?

What does hyperfunction of PDL lead to?

A

An example would be in orthodontics - this example is UNIDIRECTIONAL

Google def - hyperfunction is excessive function

There is a pressure side and a tension side

Hyperfunction of PDL leads to :
Thicker PDL and bone resorption
Results In pain and tooth mobility

Pressure side is where it touches

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15
Q

Hyperfunction of pdl 2

What happens in the pressure side?

What happens in tension side?

A

Pressure Side
• loss of fibre orientation
• osteoclastic bone resorption
• localised areas of pressure necrosis
• (ankylosis)

Tension Side
• Stretching of fibres
• Bone formation

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16
Q

When does occlusal trauma occur?
3 examples of what can cause occlusal trauma to occur?

A

Multidirectional forces

  1. Abnormal occlusal function
    - occlusal disharmonies
  2. Absence of neuromuscular control of mastication
    - parafunction (eg bruxism)
  3. Abnormal occlusal support (PDL)
    - periodontitis
17
Q

What does normal organisation of PDL depend on?

A

Continued mechanical stimulation by occlusal forces

18
Q

What happens to the PDL in response to increased loading?

A

The PDL remodels and shows adaptive changes

19
Q

Are these changes reversible following removal of these forces?

A

YES

20
Q

Why is occlusal loading associated with clinically?

A

Clinically associated with increased mobility and widening of PDL Radiographically

Increased motility
Widening of PDL radiographically

21
Q

What is the result of occlusal load on a tooth?

A

Tooth Mobility

Tooth mobility is ultimately the result of the occlusal load on a tooth.

22
Q

Occlusal loading and PDL

A
23
Q

Recap

A
24
Q

Occlusal trauma lecture

A
25
Q

What is occlusal trauma based on?

A

Multi directional forces

26
Q

Occlusal trauma can be caused by?
(3)

A
27
Q

Examples of occlusal disharmonies

A
28
Q

Examples of parafunction?

A

(Abnormal function)

1) Bruxism / clenching habits
2) chewing habits eg biting nails, chewing tobacco ( go back and check lecture to see if it says about tobacco)

29
Q

Periodontal disease
How does it affect PDL?

A

(Example of occlusal trauma )

Reduces surface area of PDL

• In periodontal disease a normal masticatory force produces an abnormal occlusal load

• Particularly marked in the presence of co - factors such as occlusal disharmonies.

30
Q

What are the types of occlusal trauma?

A

Primary occlusal trauma
Secondary occlusal trauma

31
Q

What is primary occlusal trauma?

A

Excessive occlusal load on periodontally healthy teeth

32
Q

What is secondary occlusal trauma?

A

Excessive occlusal load on periodontally diseased teeth

See slide 6

33
Q

Does occlusal trauma cause periodontitis?
Does occlusal trauma impact healing?

A

No
No

See slide 7

34
Q

What does occlusal loading cause?
Does occlusal loading cause periodontal disease?

A
35
Q

Recap

A

Bds3 - RMAOH PERIODONTOLOGY (21 decks)

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