1. Nucleotide and DNA structure

Question 1

define DNA

Answer 1

DNA is a nucleic acid, which forms a helical structure containing genetic material

Question 2

define nucleic acids

Answer 2

nuceic acids are macromolecules containing oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 3

what are the monosaccharides of nucelic acids

Answer 3

nucleotides

Question 4

name the two types nucleic acids

Answer 4

• ribonucleic acid
• deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 5

what bonds are formed between nucleotides bonding together

Answer 5

phosphodiester bonds

Question 6

what is a phosphodiester bond

Answer 6

where a nucleotide is joined between the phosphate group of one and the pentose sugar of another one

Question 7

base pairs join together via ________

Answer 7

complimentary base pairing
e.g. AT CG

Question 8

how is a double strand of DNA made?

Answer 8

hydrogen bonds form between the bases of the two strands, creating a helical coil

Question 9

outline the structure of a nucleotide molecule

Answer 9

• deoxyrybose sugar
• AT CG nitrogen containing bases
• phosphate group
• double stranded

Question 10

outline the structure of RNA

Answer 10

• ribose sugar
• AU CG bases
• phosphate group
• single stranded

Question 11

name the two types of RNA

Answer 11

mRNA and tRNA

Question 12

outline the structure of an ATP molecule

Answer 12

• ribose sugar
• adenine base
• three phosphates

Question 13

name two uses of ATP

Answer 13

• provide energy for the cell
• phosphorylation (reducing the minimum energy required for the reaction to take place, making it more reactive)

Question 14

what enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP

Answer 14

ATP hydrolase

Question 15

what enzyme synthesises ATP

Answer 15

ATP synthase