1-Molecules of Life Flashcards
Bacteria consists 30% of chemicals and 70% of water, what do chemicals contain?
Ions, small molecules phospholipids proteins dna rna polysaccharides
How many different types of molecules may a cell contain
¬1000
In how many classes can these types of molecules classified in?
4
Fatty acids are the monomeric blocks for____
fat
Sugar and fatty acids are energy___
source
Nucleotides are energy____
carrirers
What are the moonomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What kind of molecule is glucose?
Monosaccharide
Are carbohydrates water soluble or water insoluble
They are water soluble
In how many classes can monosaccharides be divided and which ones?
In two….aldoses and ketoses
How complex carbohydrates are formed and what special is there
Glycosidic bonds, O2 acts as a bridge and A water molecule is been created
How sucrose is formed?
glucose+ fructose
How lactose is formed?
glucose+ galactose
What is starch and glycogen and which is their function?
They are polymers of glucose that act as energy stores
What Lipids are?
molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
In which classes can lipids be divided?
Triacyglycerols, glycerophospholipids (and other membrane lipids) steroids and cholesterol
What a fatty acid has (structure)
It has a hydrophilic carboxyl acid head and a hydrophobic carbon tail
What can the structural formula and the length of a fatty acid regulate?
Its physical properties (shape, melting point)
What are the characteristics of a unsaturated fatty acid?
The double-bond (or triple) is rigid
It is liquid in room temperature
The rest of the chain is free to rotate
What are the characteristics of a saturated fatty acid?
It is solid in room temperature
Can an unsaturated fatty acid have more than one double bond?
Yes it can
What do triacyglycerols (triacyglycerides) consist of, are they soluble or not?
They consist of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule connected with an ester linkage. They are insoluble in water, so they are stored as fat droplets within the cells
Why we need triglycerides in our body?
They are important energy storage molecules
What glycerophospholipids consist of?
The are the same with triglycerides BUT the 3rd fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group which is connected with a amino alcohol group
Are glycerophospholipids soluble or insoluble?( what special)
They are AMPIPATHIC meaning that consist of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, that fact cause them aggregate in an aqueous environment
What is the cell membrane consist of?
The phospholipid bilayer
What is the steroid template made of?
It is made of fused ankyl rings
What is testosterone and oaestrogen for males and females respectively?
They are the human’s steroid hormones.
What is cholesterol and which is main function?
Cholesterol is a sterol lipid and is an important component for animal cells.
What function has cholesterol within the cells?
It rigid and inserts between glycerophospholipids, modulates membrane fluidity
What nucleotides consist of?
pentose sugar
nitrogenous base( adenine , cytosine , etc)
Phosphate group
Which are the pyrimidines?
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Which are the purines?
Adenine, Guanine
How can ATP be broken?
The ATP breaks down in ADP and one phosphate group
Are amino acids soluble/insoluble in water?
They are water soluble and electrically charged at ph=7.4
In what do amino acids differ to?
They differ to its properties of the side chain ( R group)
How many are the essential and non-essential amino acids?
10 and 10
How amino acids are connected together?
With polypeptide bonds
Are R groups involved into peptide bonding?
No
How can amino acids be grouped?
The can be grouped according to the characterstics of their side chains.
In what categories can amino acids be classified?
positive, neative( charged R groups)
uncharged polar
non polar
Polar amino acids are hydro_____
hydrophylic
Non-polar amino acids are hydro____
Hydrophobic
What determines the protein folding?
The interactions of R groups
