1: Methods of Knowing Flashcards
Intuition (way of knowing)
Not based in rational thought or scientific exploration, but on following what “feels” right
positive: weighing alternatives and thinking of all the different possibilities can be paralyzing for some people and sometimes decisions based on intuition are actually superior to those based on analysis
Basic Research
conducted primarily for the sake of achieving a more detailed and accurate understanding of human behavior, without necessarily trying to address any particular practical problem
Applied Research
conducted primarily to address some practical problem
Folk Psychology
Intuitive beliefs about people’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings.
ie. most people believe that anger can be relieved by “letting it out”— research, however, has shown that this approach tends to leave people feeling more angry, not less
Heuristics
Mental shortcuts in forming and maintaining our beliefs.
reason why many of our beliefs/intuition are wrong
Confirmation Bias
Tendency to focus on cases that confirm our intuitive beliefs and to disregard cases that disconfirm our beliefs.
Skeptisism
Pausing to consider alternatives and to search for evidence—especially systematically collected empirical evidence—when there is enough at stake to justify doing so.
Tolerance for Uncertainty
Accepting that there are many things that we simply do not know.
- necessary in science because often there is not enough evidence to fully evaluate a belief or claim
PHD
An academic degree earned through intensive study of a particular discipline and the completion of a set of research studies that contribute new knowledge to the academic literature.
Clinical Practice of Psychology
The diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and related problems.
Empirically Supported Treatments
A treatment that that has been shown through systematic observation to lead to better outcomes when compared to no-treatment or placebo control groups.
- ie. claim that adult children of alcoholics have a distinct personality profile, including low self-esteem, feelings of powerlessness, and difficulties with intimacy is disproven; adult children of alcoholics are no more likely to have these problems than anybody else
Acceptance and committment therapy (ACT)
for depression, mixed anxiety disorders, psychosis, chronic pain, and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
For many disorders including eating disorders, depression, anxiety disorders, etc.
Exposure Therapy
For post-traumatic stress disorder and phobias.
Exposure therapy with response prevention.
For OCD
