1. MEASUREMENTS

Question 1

errors def

Answer 1

diff between the measured and true value of a physical quantity

Question 2

systematic error def

Answer 2

associated with measurements that occur according to some fixed rule or pattern such that they yield a consistent over-estimation or under-estimation of the true vale

Question 3

eg of systematic errors

Answer 3

1. zero error on measuring instruments
2. wrongly calibrated scale on them
3. wrong assumption of known quantities
4. wrong experimental procedure or technique

Question 4

random error def

Answer 4

associated with repeated measurements of diff magnitude and sign such that they are scattered about the mean value

Question 5

Eg of random error

Answer 5

1. inability to measure small intervals
2. fluctuating external conditions
3. irregularity of a quantity to be measured

Question 6

Which can be reduced taking avg of repeated readings

Answer 6

RANDOM.
systematic cannot as the cause of systematic is known, steps can be taken to eliminate it

Question 7

accuracy def

Answer 7

refers to the closeness of a measured value to the true value
–> accurate when free of S

Question 8

precision def

Answer 8

refers to the closeness of measured values relative to one another, regardless of the true value
–> precise when free of R