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Engineering Management > 1 - Managing Productions and Service Operations > Flashcards

1 - Managing Productions and Service Operations Flashcards

1
Q

______________ are designed to produce products or services. If these must survive and grow, the operations function must be undertaken in the most economical manner possible.

A

Organizations

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2
Q

______________ refers to “any process that accepts inputs and uses resources to change those inputs in useful ways.” The inputs include land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. The transformation process converts the inputs into final goods or services.

A

Operations

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3
Q

Examples of final goods and services:

A
  1. Industrial chemicals like methylene chloride, borax powder, phosphoric acid, etc., which are
    produced by chemical manufacturing firms;
  2. Services like those for the construction of ports, high-rise buildings, roads, bridges, etc., which
    are produced by constructions firms;
  3. Electrical products like transformers, circuit breakers, switch gears, power capacitors, etc., which
    are produced by electrical manufacturing firms;
  4. Electronic products like oscilloscope, microwave tests systems, transistors, cable testers, etc.,
    which are produced by electronics manufacturing firms;
  5. Mechanical devices like forklifts, trucks, loaders, etc., which are produced by manufacturing
    firms;
  6. Engineering consultancy services like those for construction management and supervision,
    project management services, etc., are produced by engineering consultancy firms.
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3
Q

_____________ refers to goal accomplishment.

When one reaches his objectives, say produce 10,000 units in one month, he is said to be effective.

A

Effectiveness

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4
Q

_____________ is an activity that needs to be managed by competent people.

A

Operations

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4
Q

__________________ accurately defined operations management as “the process of planning, organizing, and controlling operations to reach objectives efficiently and effectively.

A

Aldag and Stearns

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4
Q

_________ is related to “the cost of doing something, or the resource utilization involved.”

When a person performs a job at lesser cost than when another person performs the same job, he is more efficient than the other person.

A

Efficiency

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5
Q

The engineer manager is expected to produce some output at _______________________.

A

whatever management level he is

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5
Q

__________________ must be performed in coordination with the other functions like those for marketing and finance. Although the specific activities of the operations divisions of firms differ slightly from one another, the basic function remains the same, i.e., to produce products or services.

A

Operations management

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6
Q

The engineer in charge of ____________________ is responsible for the actual construction of whatever bridge or road his company has agreed to put up. He is required to do it using the least expensive and the easiest methods.

A

operations in a construction firm

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6
Q

If he is assigned as the _______________________, his function is “to determine and define the equipment, tools,
and processes required to convert the design of the desired product into reality in an efficient manner.”

A

manufacturing engineer

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7
Q

The engineer, as ______________, must find ways to contribute to the production of quality goods or services and the reduction of costs in his department.

A

operations manager

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7
Q

The typical operations manager is one with several years of ___________________ in the operations division and possesses an academic background in _____________.

A

experience
engineering

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8
Q

A _____________ is one whose production is “based on sales orders for a variety of small lots.”

These are very useful components of the entire production effort, since they manufacture products in small lots that are needed by but cannot be produced economically by many companies.

Depending upon the customer’s needs, this may produce a lot consisting of 20 to 200 or more similar parts.

A

job shop

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8
Q

TYPES OF TRANSFORMATION PROCESS

A
  1. Manufacturing processes
    a.) job shop
    b.) batch flow
    c.) worker-paced line flow
    d.) machine-paced line flow
    e.) batch/continuous flow hybrid
    f.) continuous flow
  2. Service processes
    a.) service factory
    b.) service shop
    c.) mass service
    d.) professional service
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9
Q

Job shops produce ___________ products, in general.

Products may be manufactured within _______________.

The equipment used is of the ____________ type.

A

custom
short notice
general-purpose

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9
Q

The type of layout used by job shops is the ______________, where similar machines are grouped together.

The typical size of the operation is _______. Job shops are labor _______, and machines are frequently ______.

A

process layout
small

intensive
idle

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10
Q

The _____________ is where lots of own designed products are manufactured.

A

batch flow process

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10
Q

Batch flow is further characterized by the following:

A
  1. There is flexibility to produce either low or high volumes.
  2. Not all procedures are performed on all products.
  3. The type of equipment used is mostly for general purposes.
  4. The process layout is used.
  5. The operation is labor intensive, although there is less machine idleness.
  6. The size of the operation is medium-sized.
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10
Q

The worker-paced assembly line is characterized by the following:

A
  1. The products manufactured are mostly standardized.
  2. There is a clear process pattern.
  3. Specialized equipment is used.
  4. The size of the operation is variable.
  5. The process is worker-paced.
  6. The type of layout used is the line flow.
  7. Labor is still a big cost item.
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11
Q

Examples of factories using the______________ are wineries, scrap-metal reduction plants, and road-repair contractors.

A

large batch flow

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11
Q

An _______________ refers to a production layout arranged in a sequence to accommodate processing of large volumes of standardized products or services.

A

assembly line

11
Q

The quality and quantity of output in a worker-paced assembly line depends on the _________________
used. Examples of worker-paced assembly lines are food marts like McDonalds and Shakey’s.

A

skill of the labor

12
Q

This type of production process produces mostly standard products with machines playing a significant role.

A

Machine-Paced Assembly Line

13
Q

Features of machine-paced assembly line

A
  1. The process is of clear, rigid pattern.
  2. Specialized types of equipment are used.
  3. The line flow layout is used.
  4. Capital equipment is a bigger cost item than labor.
  5. Operation is large.
  6. The process is machine-paced.
14
Q

Examples of _____________________ are automobile manufacturers like General Motors and Ford
Motors.

A

machine-paced assembly lines

15
Q

The ________________ processing is characterized by “the rapid rate at which items move through the system.”

This processing method is very appropriate for producing highly standardized products like calculators, typewriters, automobiles, televisions, cellular phones, etc.

A

continuous flow

16
Q

Its other characteristics are as follows:

(Continuous Flow)

A
  1. There is an economy of scale in production, resulting in a low per unit cost of production.
  2. The process is clear and very rigid.
  3. Specialized equipment is used.
  4. The line flow layout is used.
  5. Operations are highly capital intensive.
  6. The size of operations is very large.
  7. Processing is fast.
17
Q

This method of processing is a combination of the batch and the continuous flow.

Two distinct layouts are used, one for batch and one for the continuous flow.

The typical size of the operation is also very ______, giving opportunities for economies of scale.

A

Batch/continuous flow hybrid

large

18
Q

____________ refer to the provision of services to persons by hand or with machinery.

A

Service processes

18
Q

A ________________ offers a limited mix of services which results in some economies of scale in operations. This also allows the company to compete in terms of price and speed of producing the service.

The process layout preferred by the service factory is the ___________________________.

McDonalds and Shakey’s are also examples of service factories.

A

service factory

rigid pattern of line flow processing

19
Q

A _______________ provides a diverse mix of services. The layout used are those for job shops or fixed position and are adaptable to various requirements.

These abound throughout the Philippines. Examples are Servitek and Megashell.

Among the services provided by these shops are car engine tune-up, change oil, etc.

A

service shop

20
Q

A ____________ company provides services to many people simultaneously. A unique processing method is, therefore, necessary to satisfy this requirement.

To be able to serve many people, these companies offer a limited mix of services. The process layout used is typically a _________________ where customers move through the layout.

A

mass service
fixed position

21
Q

Examples of professional services firms:

A
  1. Engineering or management consulting services which help in improving the plant layout or the efficiency of a company.
  2. Design services which supply designs for a physical plant, products, and promotion materials.
  3. Advertising agencies which help promote a firm’s products.
  4. Accounting services.
  5. Legal services.
  6. Data processing services.
  7. Health services.
22
Q

These are companies that provide specialized services to other firms or
individuals.

A

Professional services

23
Q

_________________ offer a diverse mix of services. There is a lower utilization of capital equipment compared to the service factory and the service shop.

The process pattern used is very ____________.

The process layout used is identical to the _____________.

A

Professional service firms

loose

job shop

24
Q

Professional service firms are, oftentimes, faced with delivery problems brought about by non
uniform demand. Strategies that may be used depending on the situation are as follows:

A
  1. The use of staggered work-shift schedules.
  2. The hiring of part-time staff.
  3. Providing the customer with the opportunity to select the level of service.
  4. Installing auxiliary capacity or hiring subcontractors.
  5. Using multi-skilled floating staff.
  6. Installing customer self-service.
25
Q

IMPORTANT PARTS OF PRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

Productive systems consist of six important activities as follows:

A
  1. Product Design
  2. Production Planning and Scheduling
  3. Purchasing And Materials Management
  4. Inventory Control
  5. Workflow Layout
  6. Quality Control
26
Q

This is where customers expect that the products they buy will perform according to assigned functions.

Customers avoid buying products with _____________. An example is that certain brand of ballpen which fails to write after one or two days of actual use.

A

Product Design
poor product design.

27
Q

_____________ refers to “the process of creating a set of product specifications appropriate to the demands of the situation.”

A

Product design

28
Q

Companies wanting to maintain or improve their market share keep a product design team composed of ____________________________________________________________

A

engineers, manufacturing, and marketing specialists.

29
Q

________________ is the “phase of production control involved in developing timetables that specify how long each operation in the production process takes.”

____________________ assures the optimization of the
use of human and nonhuman resources.

A

Scheduling
Efficient scheduling

29
Q

____________________ may be defined as “forecasting the
future sales of a given product, translating this forecast into the demand it generates for various production facilities, and arranging for the procurement of these facilities.”

A

Production planning

29
Q

________________ is a very important activity because it helps management to make decisions regarding capacity.

When the right decisions are made, there will be less opportunities for __________.

A

Production planning
wastage

30
Q

Firms need to purchase supplies and materials required in the various production activities.

The ___________________________________must be undertaken with a high degree of efficiency and effectiveness, especially in firms engaged in high volume production.

A

management of purchasing and materials

30
Q

The _______________ of supplies and materials needed adds to the necessity of proper management and purchasing of materials.

A

wider variety

31
Q

______________refers to “the approach that seeks efficiency of operation through integration of all material acquisition, movement, and storage activities in the firm.”

A

Materials management

31
Q

There are ways of achieving proper inventory control.

A
  1. Determining reorder point and reorder quantity
  2. Determining economic order quantity
  3. The use of just-in-time (JIT) method of inventory control
  4. The use of the material requirement planning (MRP) method of planning and controlling
    inventories.
31
Q

_______________________ is the process of establishing and maintaining appropriate levels of reserve stocks of goods. “As supplies and materials are required by firms in the production process, these must be kept available when they are needed.

A

Inventory control

31
Q

Too many reserves of stock will penalize the firm in terms of ___________________ and other related risks like _______________________.

Too little reserves, on the
other hand, may mean _______________________ if production activities are hampered. A balance between the two extremes must be determined.

A

high storage costs
obsolescence and theft

lost income opportunities

32
Q

Work-flow layout is the process of determining the physical arrangement of
the production system. In the transformation process, the flow of work may be done either haphazardly or
orderly.

A
33
Q

The operations manager’s job is to ensure a cost-effective work-flow layout is installed.

A good work- flow layout will have the following benefits:

A
  1. Minimize investment in equipment.
  2. Minimize overall production time.
  3. Use existing space most effectively.
  4. Provide for employee convenience, safety, and comfort.
  5. Maintain flexibility of arrangement and operation.
  6. Minimize material handling cost.
  7. Minimize variation in types of material-handling equipment.
  8. Facilitate the manufacturing (or service) process.
  9. Facilitate the organizational structure.
33
Q

___________________ refers to the measurement of products or services against standards set by the company.

Certain standard requirements are maintained by the management to facilitate production and to keep customers satisfied.

A

Quality control

33
Q

______________________ breeds customer complaints, returned merchandise, expensive lawsuits, and
huge promotional expenditures.

A

Poor quality control

Engineering Management (8 decks)

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