1. LTM

Question 1

Semantic memory

Answer 1

Form of episodic memory

General knowledge about the world and language

Question 2

Declarative memory

Answer 2

Conscious recollection of information

Question 3

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 3

Difficulty in forming new memories after the injury

Question 4

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 4

Memory loss of events prior to the injury

Is often temporally graded whereby memory loss is worst for event immediately before the injury

Question 5

How do we study memory?

Answer 5

Amnesia patients- usually through brain injury (although this can be difficult due to global damage)

Korsakoffs syndrome is alcoholic damage that is more specific to areas

Question 6

Amnesic patients struggle to form ………. Memories but have no trouble with………. Memory to learn new skills

Answer 6

Declarative

Non declarative

Question 7

Hippocampus damage leads to what?

Answer 7

Reduced episodic memory (forever reliant on the hpc)

Temporally graded impaired semantic memory (memories immediately prior to injury are lost as there is no chance for consolidation and to become independent of the hpc)

Question 8

Episodic and semantic memory as separate stores

Anterograde memory

Answer 8

Neuropsychology
Medial lobe damage- anterograde amnesia, patients have impaired EM but only minor SM impairment

Px Jon- hippocampus damage at age 4 before development semantic development. EM was severely damaged but SM was better

Patient with only hpc damage- em impairment, intact SM
Wider MTL damage- impaired EM and SM

Question 9

Semantic dementia

Answer 9

Shows opposite pattern of impairment to amnesia

Damage to ANTERIOR temporal lobe- semantic impairment and intact EM

Question 10

Episodic brain region…

Answer 10

Hpc

Shared PFC with semantics

Question 11

Semantic brain regions

Answer 11

Posterior temporal lobe

shared PFC with episodic

Question 12

Familiarity

Answer 12

Fast and automatic

Sense of knowing without memory of exact context of when first experienced or learnt

Hpc is not involved

Question 13

Recollection

Answer 13

Slower, effort full, attention demanding

Remembering contextual details about a memory

Hippocampus involvement- episodic

Question 14

Relation of EM to SM

Answer 14

EM must be processed through SM

Can be retrieved independent of each other

Question 15

Remember

Answer 15

Amnesia patients have impaired R

associated with EM- hpc dependent

Question 16

Knowing

Answer 16

Less impaired in amnesia patients

Associated with semantics and not related to hpc

Question 17

Episodic memory

Answer 17

Form of declarative memory

Mental time travel

Access and re-experience events located in time and space. Personal memories, who, what, where, when