1 - Learning, Memory, and Representation Flashcards
Q
The system through which an agent perceives and acts upon its external environment.
Cognitive System
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Multiple agents collaborating input processing in order to act on the external environment
Distributed Cognition
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The manipulation of internal representations of real things in the world
Cognition
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A very short-term store that preserves info in its original sensory form for a brief time
Sensory Memory
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Limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed info for up to 20 seconds
Short-Term Memory
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A short-term memory store for visual info
Iconic Memory
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A short-term memory store for auditory info
Echoic Memory
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An unlimited capacity store that can hold info for a long period of time (some say forever)
Long-Term Memory
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Memory for info that is recalled unconsciously and effortlessly
Implicit Memory
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Memory for info that you must consciously work to recall
Explicit Memory
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Memory for factual info
Declarative Memory
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Memory for action, skills, and conditioned responses
Nondeclarative Memory
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General knowledge that is not tied to the time of encoding
Semantic System
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Chronological recollections of personal experiences
Episodic Memory
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Memory that involves the future
Prospective Memory
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Memory that involves the past
Retrospective Memory
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Reduction in response intensity due to prolonged exposure to a stimulus
Habituation
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Increase in response intensity due to prolonged exposure to a stimulus
Sensitization
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Type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was previously evoked by a different stimulus
Classical Conditioning
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Type of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences
Operant Conditioning
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Increases a response tendency by presenting a positive stimulus
Positive Reinforcement
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Increases a response tendency by removing a negative stimulus
Negative Reinforcement
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Decreases a response tendency by applying a negative stimulus
Positive Punishment
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Decreases a response tendency by removing a positive stimulus
Negative Punishment
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An organism’s acting and responding being influenced by observing others
Observational Learning
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Repeating an action until proficiency has been achieved
Practice
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Practicing a skill until the skill becomes automatic
Overlearning
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A time-sensitive form of learning in animals that occurs before they are sensitive to behavioural outcomes (usually offspring imprint on mother)
Imprinting
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Learning through the testimony of others, either vocally or in writing
Testimony
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Learning through gradual changes in the environment that impacts the genes of a species
Genetic Learning
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The way a group of people or animals within a society or culture tend to learn and pass on information
Cultural Learning
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Form of cultural learning, observing and imitating the most elite members of the society
Prestige Bias
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Form of cultural learning, imitating the most popular methods of doing something in a society
Conformist Bias
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Form of cultural learning, reshaping cultural standards by not imitating others within the culture
Individual Learning
