1 - Learning, Memory, and Representation

Question 1

Q

The system through which an agent perceives and acts upon its external environment.

Answer 1

Cognitive System

Question 2

Q

Multiple agents collaborating input processing in order to act on the external environment

Answer 2

Distributed Cognition

Question 3

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The manipulation of internal representations of real things in the world

Answer 3

Cognition

Question 4

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A very short-term store that preserves info in its original sensory form for a brief time

Answer 4

Sensory Memory

Question 5

Q

Limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed info for up to 20 seconds

Answer 5

Short-Term Memory

Question 6

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A short-term memory store for visual info

Answer 6

Iconic Memory

Question 7

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A short-term memory store for auditory info

Answer 7

Echoic Memory

Question 8

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An unlimited capacity store that can hold info for a long period of time (some say forever)

Answer 8

Long-Term Memory

Question 9

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Memory for info that is recalled unconsciously and effortlessly

Answer 9

Implicit Memory

Question 10

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Memory for info that you must consciously work to recall

Answer 10

Explicit Memory

Question 11

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Memory for factual info

Answer 11

Declarative Memory

Question 12

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Memory for action, skills, and conditioned responses

Answer 12

Nondeclarative Memory

Question 13

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General knowledge that is not tied to the time of encoding

Answer 13

Semantic System

Question 14

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Chronological recollections of personal experiences

Answer 14

Episodic Memory

Question 15

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Memory that involves the future

Answer 15

Prospective Memory

Question 16

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Memory that involves the past

Answer 16

Retrospective Memory

Question 17

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Reduction in response intensity due to prolonged exposure to a stimulus

Answer 17

Habituation

Question 18

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Increase in response intensity due to prolonged exposure to a stimulus

Answer 18

Sensitization

Question 19

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Type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was previously evoked by a different stimulus

Answer 19

Classical Conditioning

Question 20

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Type of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences

Answer 20

Operant Conditioning

Question 21

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Increases a response tendency by presenting a positive stimulus

Answer 21

Positive Reinforcement

Question 22

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Increases a response tendency by removing a negative stimulus

Answer 22

Negative Reinforcement

Question 23

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Decreases a response tendency by applying a negative stimulus

Answer 23

Positive Punishment

Question 24

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Decreases a response tendency by removing a positive stimulus

Answer 24

Negative Punishment

Question 25

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An organism’s acting and responding being influenced by observing others

Answer 25

Observational Learning

Question 26

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Repeating an action until proficiency has been achieved

Answer 26

Practice

Question 27

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Practicing a skill until the skill becomes automatic

Answer 27

Overlearning

Question 28

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A time-sensitive form of learning in animals that occurs before they are sensitive to behavioural outcomes (usually offspring imprint on mother)

Answer 28

Imprinting

Question 29

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Learning through the testimony of others, either vocally or in writing

Answer 29

Testimony

Question 30

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Learning through gradual changes in the environment that impacts the genes of a species

Answer 30

Genetic Learning

Question 31

Q

The way a group of people or animals within a society or culture tend to learn and pass on information

Answer 31

Cultural Learning

Question 32

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Form of cultural learning, observing and imitating the most elite members of the society

Answer 32

Prestige Bias

Question 33

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Form of cultural learning, imitating the most popular methods of doing something in a society

Answer 33

Conformist Bias

Question 34

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Form of cultural learning, reshaping cultural standards by not imitating others within the culture

Answer 34

Individual Learning