1. Ireland in the 19th century Flashcards
The Act of Union
The act of union abolished the old dublin-based parliament and stated that ireland was to be ruled directly by the british government in westminster.
it came into force in 1801
it inaugurated a period of economic integration (free trade between the two and same £)
Viceroy/Lord lieutenant
represented the british monarch in ireland
lives in viceregal lodge in phoenix park in dublin
preformed ceremonial functions such as hosting state receptions in dublin castle
Chief secretary
member of british government who was in charge of irish affairs
he implemented the policies of the british government
answered questions concerning ireland in the westminster parliament
Under Secretary
not a politician
a civil servant who was in charge of government departments in dublin castle
Who policed ireland?
Royal Irish Constabulary
RIC
(armed)
helped to defeat rebellions and assisted at evictions
Who policed Dublin?
Dublin Metropolitan Police
DMP
(unarmed)
the courts
magistrates (local, small offences)
assizes (travelling judge, murder etc)
high court (serious)
Nationalism
want some degree of freedom from britain
Constitutional - wanted the act of union abolished and the establishment of a parliament in ireland. they wanted limited self government and wanted to achieve it through peaceful parliamentary means.
Physical force - sought complete separation from britain and the establishment of an irish republic. believed it could only be achieved by an armed uprising
IRB
Unionism
fully supported the existing union between britain and ireland
believed their interests were best served and safeguarded by the system of direct rule by the british government
The Landlord class
1870 the land of ireland was owned by 4,000 landlords (anglo-irish protestants)
in 1870 and 1922 the landlord class experienced a dramatic decline in numbers and influence
Landlord-Tenant Relations
Heart of the land question in ireland
by 1914 landlord class virtually eliminated
irelands lack of industrial development was due to:
scarcity of raw materials (coal, iron)
inadequate capital investment
a declining population
competition from cheap exports
The Church of Ireland
up to 69 was the state church with british monarch as its head
in 1869 gladstone disestablished it
protestant ascendancy
Education
one of the main achievements of the 19th century was the substantial increase in the rate of literacy.
by 1900 only 16% of the population was illiterate
led to greater involvement in public affairs — people became increasingly aware of political developments at local and national level (heightened political seeiousness)
Education - Primary
National school system established in 1831
by 1900 half a million children were receiving their primary education in national schools.
separately schools controlled by the local clergy.
