1. Introduction, What Is Cancer?

Question 1

What are the10 hallmarks of cancer?

Answer 1

Altered metabolism
Self sufficiency
Inhibitor insensitivity
Immune escape
Proliferation
Inflammation
Invasion
Angiogenesis
DNA damage/repair
Anti-apoptosis

Question 2

What are some examples of environmental exposures that can cause cancer?

Answer 2

UV radiation, exposure to chemicals, viruses, smoking

Question 3

What could be an example of local symptoms in:
- Bladder cancer
- Lung cancer
- Brain cancer

Answer 3

Bladder = blood in urine
Lung = chest pain/ coughing
Brain = headaches

Question 4

What may be examples of systemic symptoms?

Answer 4

Weight los, tiredness, loss of muscle

Question 5

What are the 5 functional scales measured by the QLQ-C30 (Quality of life questionnaire)

Answer 5

-Physical
-Role
-Cognitive
-Emotional
-Social

Question 6

What are the 3 symptom scales measured by the QLQ-C30 (Quality o life questionnaire)?

Answer 6

-Fatigue
-Pain
-Nausea/Vomiting

Question 7

What burdens could cancer have on society?

Answer 7

• Cost of treatment (NHS)
• Cost of lost productivity
• Loss of potential contribution