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RT 202 > 1. Introduction to Digital Radiography and PACS > Flashcards

1. Introduction to Digital Radiography and PACS Flashcards

1
Q

uses film and intensifying screen in the image formation process.

A

Conventional Radiography

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2
Q

automatic and manual processing in the dark room

A

Conventional Radiography

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3
Q

allows text, photos, drawings, animations and video to appear on the internet.

A

Digital Imaging

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4
Q

any imaging acquisition process that produces an electronic image that can be viewed and manipulated on a computer

A

Digital Imaging

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5
Q

dedicated head scanner (head only)

A

First-generation EMI CT unit

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6
Q

was first used with the introduction of the computed tomography (CT) scanner

A

Digital Imaging

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7
Q

invented the CT Scan and year

A

Godfrey Hounsfield in 1970s.

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8
Q

second only to the discovery of the x-ray

A

CT Scan

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9
Q

The earliest CT unit built by Hounsfield took ______ to acquire a single slice of information. The machine then took a _______ to reconstruct the raw data into a recognizable image

A

several hours, few days

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10
Q

was introduced commercially for health care

use in the early 1980s

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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11
Q

invented the MRI and year, one of the co-developers of MRI, won Nobel Prize for Medicine of Physiology

A

Paul C. Lauterbur, September 2, 1971

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12
Q

year Paul C. Lauterbur published his theory

A

March 1973

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13
Q

the first MRI scanner to be built in _______ and what type of MRI

A

MRI Scanner Mark One in Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Scotland, Hamburger type

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14
Q

old type of MRI

A

Hamburger type

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15
Q

new type of MRI

A

Donut type

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16
Q

advances in 1970’s

A

Fluoroscopy

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17
Q

real-time imaging

A

Fluoroscopy

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18
Q

study of moving body structures

A

Fluoroscopy

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19
Q

a continuous x-ray beam is passed through the body part being examined.

A

Fluoroscopy

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20
Q

RIS

A

Radiology Information System

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21
Q

EMR

A

Electronic Medical Record

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22
Q

HIS

A

Hospital Information System

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23
Q

PACS

A

Picture Archiving and Communication System

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24
Q

DICOM

A

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine

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25
introduced the concept of digital radiography, place and year
Dr. Albert Jutras in Canada, 1950s
26
moving images via telephone lines to and from remote locations
teleradiology
27
CR
Computed Radiography
28
introduced the concept of moving images digitally in his experimentation with Teleradiology
Dr. Albert Jutras
29
cassette-based DR
Computed Radiography
30
DR
Digital Radiography
31
PSP
Photostimulable Phosphor
32
digital acquisition modality that | uses storage phosphor plates to produce projection images.
Computed Radiography
33
Computed Radiography was first introduced commercially in the __place__ in ___year___ by ___organization___
United States in 1983 by Fuji Medical | Systems of Japan
34
the use of CR requires
- CR cassettes and phosphor plates - CR readers and technologist quality control workstation - means to view the images, either a printer or a viewing station.
35
the first system consisted of
- a phosphor storage plate - a reader - a laser printer to print the image onto film
36
examples of two CR readers
- A high volume reader capable of processing between 110 and 140 imaging plates per hour. - A much smaller system designed for medical offices, surgery, or intensive care units, capable of processing 50 to 60 imaging plates per hour
37
uses storage phosphor plates
Computed Radiography
38
uses existing equipment
Computed Radiography
39
requires special cassettes and special cassettes reader
Computed Radiography
40
uses a computer workstation and viewing station and a printer
Computed Radiography
41
cassette-less
Digital Radiography
42
use an x-ray absorber material coupled to a flat panel detector or a (CCD) to form the image
Digital Radiography
43
CCD
Charged Coupled Device
44
two categories of Digital Radiography
Indirect capture and Direct capture
45
TFT
Thin-Film Transistor
46
absorb x-rays and convert them into light. The light is then detected by an area-CCD or thin-film transistor (TFT) array and then converted into an electrical signal that is sent to the computer for processing and viewing
Indirect capture digital radiography
47
convert the incident x-ray energy directly into an electrical signal, typically using a photoconductor as the x-ray absorber, and send the electrical signal to the computer for processing and viewing
Direct capture digital radiography
48
DSA
Digital Subtraction Angiography
49
IR
Image Receptor
50
uses contrast media, barium enema, iodinated contrast media
Special Radiographic Procedures
51
For conventional x-ray and CR, a traditional x-ray room with ________ is required.
a table and wall Bucky
52
For DR, a _____ replaces the Bucky apparatus in both the table and wall stand.
detector
53
Most storage phosphor plates today are made of a
``` barium fluorohalide (where the halide is bromine and/or iodine) with europium as an activator ```
54
kVp
kilovoltage peak
55
LUT
look-up table
56
With CR and DR, radiographic contrast is primarily controlled by an
image processing look-up table
57
is a table that maps the image gray-scale values into some visible output intensity on a monitor or printed film.
LUT
58
mAs
milliamperage seconds
59
a range that frequently contains x-ray scatter.
k-edge at 37 keV
60
FPD
Flat Panel Detector
61
an existing or traditional x-ray room needs to be retrofitted with these devices if a new DR room is not installed
Digital Radiography
62
convert the incident x-ray energy directly into an electrical signal
Direct capture devices
63
absorbs x-rays and convert them into light then converted into an electrical signal by a CCD or TFT
Indirect capture devices
64
a film is placed inside a cassette that contains an intensifying screen
Conventional radiography
65
is a networked group of computers, | servers, and archives that can be used to manage digital images
PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System)
66
can accept any image that is in digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format, for which it is set up to receive, whether it is from cardiology, radiology, or pathology
PACS
67
serves as the file room, reading room, duplicator, and courier
PACS
68
it can provide image access to multiple users at the same time, on-demand images, electronic annotation of images, and specialty image processing.
PACS
69
a standard that allows imaging modalities and PACSs to communicate in the same “language"
DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)
70
the first full-scale PACS in the United States was installed at
VA Medical Center in Baltimore
71
PACS covered all modalities | except
mammography
72
networked group of computers, servers, and archives that can be used to manage digital images
PACS
73
made up of many different parts, such as the reading stations, physician review stations, web-access, technologist quality control stations, administrative stations, archive systems, and many interfaces to various hospital and radiology systems
PACS
74
interfaced with RIS, HIS, and EMR
PACS
75
the year first full-scale PACS in the United States was installed
1993

RT 202 (9 decks)

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