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RT 202 > 1. Introduction to Digital Radiography and PACS > Flashcards

1. Introduction to Digital Radiography and PACS Flashcards

1
Q

uses film and intensifying screen in the image formation process.

A

Conventional Radiography

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2
Q

automatic and manual processing in the dark room

A

Conventional Radiography

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3
Q

allows text, photos, drawings, animations and video to appear on the internet.

A

Digital Imaging

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4
Q

any imaging acquisition process that produces an electronic image that can be viewed and manipulated on a computer

A

Digital Imaging

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5
Q

dedicated head scanner (head only)

A

First-generation EMI CT unit

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6
Q

was first used with the introduction of the computed tomography (CT) scanner

A

Digital Imaging

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7
Q

invented the CT Scan and year

A

Godfrey Hounsfield in 1970s.

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8
Q

second only to the discovery of the x-ray

A

CT Scan

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9
Q

The earliest CT unit built by Hounsfield took ______ to acquire a single slice of information. The machine then took a _______ to reconstruct the raw data into a recognizable image

A

several hours, few days

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10
Q

was introduced commercially for health care

use in the early 1980s

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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11
Q

invented the MRI and year, one of the co-developers of MRI, won Nobel Prize for Medicine of Physiology

A

Paul C. Lauterbur, September 2, 1971

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12
Q

year Paul C. Lauterbur published his theory

A

March 1973

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13
Q

the first MRI scanner to be built in _______ and what type of MRI

A

MRI Scanner Mark One in Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Scotland, Hamburger type

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14
Q

old type of MRI

A

Hamburger type

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15
Q

new type of MRI

A

Donut type

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16
Q

advances in 1970’s

A

Fluoroscopy

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17
Q

real-time imaging

A

Fluoroscopy

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18
Q

study of moving body structures

A

Fluoroscopy

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19
Q

a continuous x-ray beam is passed through the body part being examined.

A

Fluoroscopy

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20
Q

RIS

A

Radiology Information System

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21
Q

EMR

A

Electronic Medical Record

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22
Q

HIS

A

Hospital Information System

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23
Q

PACS

A

Picture Archiving and Communication System

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24
Q

DICOM

A

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine

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25
Q

introduced the concept of digital radiography, place and year

A

Dr. Albert Jutras in Canada, 1950s

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26
Q

moving images via telephone lines to and from remote locations

A

teleradiology

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27
Q

CR

A

Computed Radiography

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28
Q

introduced the concept of moving images digitally in his experimentation with Teleradiology

A

Dr. Albert Jutras

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29
Q

cassette-based DR

A

Computed Radiography

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30
Q

DR

A

Digital Radiography

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31
Q

PSP

A

Photostimulable Phosphor

32
Q

digital acquisition modality that

uses storage phosphor plates to produce projection images.

A

Computed Radiography

33
Q

Computed Radiography was first introduced commercially in the __place__ in ___year___ by ___organization___

A

United States in 1983 by Fuji Medical

Systems of Japan

34
Q

the use of CR requires

A
  • CR cassettes and phosphor plates
  • CR readers and technologist quality control workstation
  • means to view the images, either a printer or a viewing station.
35
Q

the first system consisted of

A
  • a phosphor storage plate
  • a reader
  • a laser printer to print the image onto film
36
Q

examples of two CR readers

A
  • A high volume reader capable of processing between 110 and 140 imaging plates per hour.
  • A much smaller system designed for medical offices, surgery, or intensive care units, capable of processing 50 to 60 imaging plates per hour
37
Q

uses storage phosphor plates

A

Computed Radiography

38
Q

uses existing equipment

A

Computed Radiography

39
Q

requires special cassettes and special cassettes reader

A

Computed Radiography

40
Q

uses a computer workstation and viewing station and a printer

A

Computed Radiography

41
Q

cassette-less

A

Digital Radiography

42
Q

use an x-ray absorber material coupled to a flat panel detector or a (CCD) to form the image

A

Digital Radiography

43
Q

CCD

A

Charged Coupled Device

44
Q

two categories of Digital Radiography

A

Indirect capture and Direct capture

45
Q

TFT

A

Thin-Film Transistor

46
Q

absorb x-rays and convert them into light. The light is then detected by an area-CCD or thin-film transistor (TFT) array and then converted into an electrical signal that is sent to the computer for processing and viewing

A

Indirect capture digital radiography

47
Q

convert the incident x-ray energy directly into an electrical signal, typically using a photoconductor as the x-ray absorber, and send the electrical signal to the computer for processing and viewing

A

Direct capture digital radiography

48
Q

DSA

A

Digital Subtraction Angiography

49
Q

IR

A

Image Receptor

50
Q

uses contrast media, barium enema, iodinated contrast media

A

Special Radiographic Procedures

51
Q

For conventional x-ray and CR, a traditional x-ray room with ________ is required.

A

a table and wall Bucky

52
Q

For DR, a _____ replaces the Bucky apparatus in both the table and wall stand.

53
Q

Most storage phosphor plates today are made of a

A 
barium fluorohalide (where the halide is 
bromine and/or iodine) with europium as an activator
54
Q

kVp

A

kilovoltage peak

55
Q

LUT

A

look-up table

56
Q

With CR and DR, radiographic contrast is primarily controlled by an

A

image processing look-up table

57
Q

is a table that maps the image gray-scale values into some visible output intensity on a monitor or printed film.

58
Q

mAs

A

milliamperage seconds

59
Q

a range that frequently contains x-ray scatter.

A

k-edge at 37 keV

60
Q

FPD

A

Flat Panel Detector

61
Q

an existing or traditional x-ray room needs to be retrofitted with these devices if a new DR room is not installed

A

Digital Radiography

62
Q

convert the incident x-ray energy directly into an electrical signal

A

Direct capture devices

63
Q

absorbs x-rays and convert them into light then converted into an electrical signal by a CCD or TFT

A

Indirect capture devices

64
Q

a film is placed inside a cassette that contains an intensifying screen

A

Conventional radiography

65
Q

is a networked group of computers,

servers, and archives that can be used to manage digital images

A

PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System)

66
Q

can accept any image that is in digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format, for which it is set up to receive, whether it is from cardiology, radiology, or pathology

67
Q

serves as the file room, reading room, duplicator, and courier

68
Q

it can provide image access to multiple users at the same time, on-demand images, electronic annotation of images, and specialty image processing.

69
Q

a standard that allows imaging modalities and PACSs to communicate in the same “language”

A

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)

70
Q

the first full-scale PACS in the United States was installed at

A

VA Medical Center in Baltimore

71
Q

PACS covered all modalities

except

A

mammography

72
Q

networked group of computers, servers, and archives that can be used to manage digital images

73
Q

made up of many different parts, such as the reading stations, physician review stations, web-access, technologist quality control stations, administrative stations, archive systems, and many interfaces to various hospital and radiology systems

74
Q

interfaced with RIS, HIS, and EMR

75
Q

the year first full-scale PACS in the United States was installed

RT 202 (9 decks)

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