1- introduction, history of C++, C++ program outline

Question 1

Hardware

Answer 1

physical devices that make up computer equipment

Question 2

Computer

Answer 2

PC/mainframes/workstations

Question 3

5 computer components

Answer 3

CPU/processor, input device, output device, main memory/primary memory/RAM

Question 4

CPU/processor

Answer 4

follows the instructions and performs calculations specified by the program

Question 5

Input Device

Answer 5

any device that allows outside world to communicate information to the CPU

Question 6

Output Device

Answer 6

any device that allows CPU to communicate information to the outside world

Question 7

main memory/primary memory/RAM

Answer 7

a list of addressable memory locations that CPU can operate upon, not permanent

Question 8

secondary memory

Answer 8

memory that is used for keeping a permanent record of information – disk/data CD/flash drive

Question 9

bit

Answer 9

the least possible amount of information: 0 or 1

Question 10

byte

Answer 10

8 bits

Question 11

memory location

Answer 11

single (indivisible) portion of memory that holds data

Question 12

address

Answer 12

number that identifies a memory location

Question 13

Natural language

Answer 13

used by humans, ambiguous

Question 14

High-level language

Answer 14

language (close to natural) that is understood by humans, unambiguous
C++ is a high-level language

Question 15

Machine/Low-level language

Answer 15

list of instructions in binary format that a computer understands unambiguous
example: 0101 0001 1100 0010

Question 16

Program (code)

Answer 16

a sequence of instructions for computer to follow

Question 17

System

Answer 17

to be used by other programmers

Question 18

Operating system

Answer 18

allocates computer resources, launches other programs and ensures they work properly

Question 19

Application

Answer 19

used by end-users

Question 20

Software

Answer 20

collection of programs

Question 21

Data

Answer 21

input to the program

Question 22

Running/Executing program + source,object,executable code

Answer 22

performing program instructions on given data code
source (in high-level language)
object (in machine language)
executable code (in machine language) - can run on computer

Question 23

Library

Answer 23

a collection of previously developed object code: input/output, math, etc.

Question 24

Compiler

Answer 24

a system program that translates high-level language into low-level language

Question 25

Linker

Answer 25

program that takes object code and produces executable code

Question 26

Power

Answer 26

ability to express variety of ideas, code tasks (ex: bigger toolkit); more powerful language makes it easier to program

Question 27

Understandability

Answer 27

ease of making sense of the code by proficient programmer

Question 28

Languages preceding C++

Answer 28

BCPL > B > C > C++

Question 29

Include directive

Answer 29

tells compiler where to find certain items about the program

Question 30

Main part (main function(

Answer 30

contain instructions for computer, starts and ends with curly brackets: {}
indicates program start

Question 31

Statement

Answer 31

single unit of execution
each statement ends with semicolon ;

Question 32

Comment

Answer 32

a portion of line ignored by compiler - serves to make the code easier to understand by humans

Question 33

Syntax

Answer 33

the principles of constructing (structuring) the program
legal program construct complies with syntactic rules
illegal violates
ex: every statement ends with a semicolon

Question 34

Semantics

Answer 34

the meaning of programming constructs
ex: assignment statement gives a new value to a variable

Question 35

Style

Answer 35

non-syntactic rules of program writing aimed at making program easier to read and understand
ex: start the program with comments explaining its purpose

Question 36

Program consists of…

Answer 36

a sequence of statements