1. Introduction and Anatomy of Lungs, Airways and Blood Supply Flashcards
What are the main functions of the Respiratory System?
- Gas Exchange (O2 added to blood from air, CO2 removed from the blood into air)
- Acid base balance (Regulation of body pH)
- Protection from infection
- Communication via speech
Which of these functions is the most important?
Gas exchange (acquiring O2 and removing CO2)
Why do we breathe?
Need to produce energy
How is energy produced?
Oxygen is burned and energy is released. CO2 is produced as a waste product (cellular respiration)
Why is the Cardiovascular System necessary? What is it responsible for?
- Transporting O2 to tissues
- Transporting CO2 away from tissues
What does External Respiration require?
Integration of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
Where does the Pulmonary Artery travel?
Away from the heart
Where does the Pulmonary Vein travel?
Towards the heart
If Pulmonary Circulation is the opposite from Systemic Circulation, what does it do?
Delivers CO2 to the lungs and picks up O2
Where is Exchange 1?
Between the atmosphere and lung
Where is Exchange 2?
Between the lung and the blood
Where is Exchange 3?
Between the blood and the cells
Is it true of false that the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are intimately related?
True
Where does gas exchange occur and how do they differ?
- At the lungs (O2 moves from inspired air to blood, CO2 moves from blood to air which is then expired)
- At systemic capillaries (O2 moves from blood to cells, CO2 moves cells to blood)
In the stead state, what is the net volume of O2 and CO2 exchanged in the lungs (per unit) equal to?
The net volume exchanged in the tissues
What does this prevent?
A gas build up in the circulation which would hamper gas exchange
What are the average volumes exchanged per minute?
250ml O2 exchanged (consumed)
200ml CO2 exchanged (produced)
What is the normal breathing rate of an adult at rest and at max during exercise?
At rest: 10-20 breaths/min
Max during exercise: 40-45 breaths/min
Anatomically, what are the major parts of the respiratory system?
Nose Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Bronchus Lung
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What do the cilia and mucus do in the nose?
Air enters your body through the nose, where cilia and mucus trap particles and warm and moisten the air
What happens in the pharynx?
Air is passed from the nose into the pharynx which shares it with the digestive system
What is the Epiglottis and what does it do?
Small flap of tissue which folds over the trachea and prevents food from entering it when you swallow
What is the Larynx and what does it contain?
The Larynx, or voice box, contains your vocal chords, which vibrate to produce sound
What happens in the Bronchus?
Air enters from trachea into left and right bronchi, this then leads onto lungs
