1: Introduction

Question 1

What are the three types of lameness?

Answer 1

Supportive limb (when weight bearing), swinging leg (during limb movement), false lameness

Question 2

How much lameness is in the forelimb?

Answer 2

Most

Question 3

What % of lameness is in the carpus and below?

Answer 3

95%

Question 4

What are the six types of conformation?

Answer 4

Limb/joint angle, foot-pastern axis, base-wide, base-narrow, angular deformity, rotational deformity

Question 5

What two way can the foot-pastern axis be?

Answer 5

“Broken-forward” or “broken-back”

Question 6

What must elicited pain be?

Answer 6

Reproducible

Question 7

What happens if the hoof swells?

Answer 7

Can’t - so oedema extends proximally

Question 8

What’s the problem with flexion tests?

Answer 8

Non-specific

Question 9

WHat are the two types of nerve blocks?

Answer 9

Perineural or intrasynovial

Question 10

What can you look for in synovial fluid?

Answer 10

WBC count, total protein, biochemistry

Question 11

Why is immobiliation very dangerous?

Answer 11

Due to gut mobility and pneumonia

Question 12

What can you use to treat acute inflammatory conditions?

Answer 12

Ice, or a cold hose

Question 13

What is the cheapest drug for horses?

Answer 13

Bute

Question 14

Which ways can you give bute?

Answer 14

IV or in food, never IM

Question 15

WHat is the therapeutic index or bute like?

Answer 15

Low - affects kidney or colon

Question 16

What do you need to do if giving a horse bute?

Answer 16

Declare it in passport

Question 17

Which way can you give hyaluronan?

Answer 17

IV

Question 18

What are the benefits of hyaluronan?

Answer 18

Weak antiinflammatory, but very little evidence

Question 19

What is the evidence for oral chondroprotectives?

Answer 19

Little

Question 20

Which drugs can you give intra-articular?

Answer 20

Corticosteroid, IRAP, PRP

Question 21

What happens if you give PSGAGs intra-articular?

Answer 21

Can cause infection

Question 22

WHat the problem with intra-articular hyaluronic acid?

Answer 22

Very expensive

Question 23

What’s the problem with topical NSAIDs?

Answer 23

Poor absorption

Question 24

What’s the problem with DMSO?

Answer 24

Good NSAID but get blistering and hair change

Question 25

What is shockwave therapy for?

Answer 25

Osteogenic and analgesic

Question 26

What conditions is shockwave therapy used for?

Answer 26

Chronic insertional tendinopathy/desmopathy, chronic suspensory ligamnt disease