1 - Intro to Women's Health

Question 1

What defines the germinal stage of human embryonic development?

Answer 1

• first 10 d in which implantation occurs

Question 2

When does the embryonic development occur?

Answer 2

• First 8 weeks

Question 3

When does the fetal development occur?

Answer 3

• 10 weeks until birth

Question 4

Which germ cell layer evolves to form the female reproductive system?

a. ectoderm
b. mesoderm
c. endoderm

Answer 4

b. mesoderm

Question 5

Which part of the mesoderm evolves to form the female reproductive system?

a. practomesoderm
b. intermediate mesoderm
c. lateral plates

Answer 5

b. intermediate mesoderm

Question 6

The sertoli cells produce this hormone which prevents the development of the mullerian system from the paramesonephric ducts.

Answer 6

• AMH

Question 7

Female differentation begins around what week?

Answer 7

• week 9

Question 8

This gene must be present in order for the tests to develop from primitive cords (male differentiation).

Answer 8

• SRY gene

Question 9

How can you distinguish the labia majorum from the labia minorum?

Answer 9

• labia minorum has no hair follicles

Question 10

What is the last resort treatment for labial hypertrophy?

Answer 10

• labioplasty

Question 11

The clitoris is homologous to what male structure?

Answer 11

• male penis

Question 12

What is virilization?

Answer 12

• enlargement of the clitoris

Question 13

What are the 4 types of femoral circumcision?

Answer 13

• Type 1: Clitoridectomy
• Type 2: Labial excision
• Type 3: infibulation (removes external genatalia)
• Type 4: anything else

Question 14

This urethral issue is commonly seen in prepubertal girls or postmenopausal women who have increased abdominal pressure.

Answer 14

• urethral prolapse

Question 15

What are the 3 levator ani muscles?

Answer 15

• ileococcygeus
• pubococcygeal
• puborectalis muscle

Question 16

The levator ani muscles are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 16

• S2-S4

Question 17

The perineal body is formed predominantly by what 3 muscles?

Answer 17

• bulbocavernosus muscle
• superficial transverse perineal muscles
• external anal sphincter

Question 18

The perineal body is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 18

• pudendal nerve

Question 19

Why are episiotomies no longer routinely done.

Answer 19

• It can lead to increased incidence of 3rd and 4th degree lacerations leading to fecal incontinence

Question 20

This is defined as involuntary spasms of the vaginal muscle during sexual intercourse.

Answer 20

• vaginismus

Question 21

90% of lower genital tract neoplasias arise from what part of the cervix?

Answer 21

• squamocolumar junction aka “transformation zone”

Question 22

Why do nabothian cysts form in the cervix?

Answer 22

• they form if the endocervical glands are occluded by squamous metaplasia

Question 23

What changes the vaginal pH during puberty to be more acidic?

Answer 23

• secretion of estrogen increases glycogen production in which lactobacilli thrive

Question 24

What arteries supply the endometrium?

Answer 24

• spiral arteries

Question 25

About 2 cm lateral to the cervix, the uterine artery crosses _____ the ureter.

Answer 25

• over

Question 26

A 14 y o girl who underwent menarche age 12 noted onset of sharp LLQ pain at 1 am which awakened her. It was associated with nausea and vomiting X 2. What could be the etiology of the pain?

Answer 26

• Ovarian torsion

Question 27

Labia majora is analogous to what male part?

Answer 27

scrotum