Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > 1. Intro to the GI System > Flashcards

1. Intro to the GI System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

a hallow canal structure that extends from the mouth to the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What organs are the alimentary canal composed of?

A

mouth
esophagus
stomach
large intestine
small intestine
liver
pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main processes of the GI tract?

A

digestion
secretion
absorption
excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Digestion

A

breaking down food into nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

secretion

A

digestive juices are secreted into the digestive tract lumen by exocrine glands (water, electrolytes, enzymes, bile salts or mucus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

motility

A

coordination of contraction of the smooth muscle cells moves secretion contents from the mouth to the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Absorption

A

the product of digestion enters the bloodstream via different transports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

excretion

A

the undigested food products, bacteria, and certain heavy metal will be released the the rectum and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

regulation of the GI tract is done by what controls

A

neural
hormonal
paracrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

neural control of the GI tract can be divided into what kind of innervation?

A

parasympathetic (medulla and sacral spine)
sympathetic (thoracolumbar) = extrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

extrinsic neurons have cell bodies located where?

A

outside the gut wall innervating the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

intrinsic innervation is referred to as what?

A

little brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

enteric neurons have cell bodies located where?

A

within the walls of the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the principal components of the enteric nervous system (intrinsic innervation)?

A

myenteric plexus = between the layers of the muscularis

submucousal plexus = between submucousa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are hormones?

A

blood-borne messengers released from endocrine cells into circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where are hormones secreted?

A

endocrine glands from sensory and target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

paracrine control of the GI tract?

A

elicit quicker response than hormonal as they can move through the extracellular matrix via sensory and neighboring cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mouth (saliva)

A

teeth
salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the types of salivary glands and their locations?

A

parotid (in front of the ear)
sub mandibular (below the jaw)
sub lingual (underneath the jaw)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what nerve increases the volume of saliva?

A

parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

salivation is stimulated by what kind of stimulus?

A

taste
sight
smell
thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the 2 types of receptors that help with saliva secretion?

A

chemical
mechano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

saliva is composed of what?

A

99% water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the pH of saliva?

A

6.7-7.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the purpose of saliva in the esophagus?

A

to neuralize gastric secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

another word for deglutition

A

swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the 3 phases of deglutition?

A

oral
pharyngeal
esophageal

28
Q

what delimits the esophagus

A

upper and lower sphincter

29
Q

What is prohibited in the esophagus?

A

air
gastric acid

30
Q

what is the stomach’s main role?

A

to secrete digestive juices and break down food and pass it to the small intestine

31
Q

what are the parts of the stomach’s structure

A

cardia
corpus
pylorus

32
Q

What is the function of the cardia?

A

first part of the stomach that is connected to the esophagus

it contains the cardiac sphincter

33
Q

what is the major part of the stomach

A

the corpus

34
Q

what is the role of the fundus

A

to store gas from digestion and hold food when the stomach is full

35
Q

what do gastric glands contain

A

parietal and chief cells (inside the corpus)

36
Q

what is the pylorus?

A

the distal part of the stomach that secretes the hormone gastrin from the G cells, and regulates the entry of food from the stomach to the duodenum

37
Q

what are the main gastric gland cells

A

Mucous cells
parietal cells
chief cells
Endocrine Cells

38
Q

What is the function of mucous cells

A

to secretes mucus around the stomach lining

39
Q

What is the function of parietal cells

A

secrete HCl/gastric acid
and intrinsic factor for B12 absorption

40
Q

What is the function of chief cells

A

secrete pepsinogen to form pepsin

41
Q

What is the function of endocrine cells

A

(D and G cells) release serotonin, histamine, somatostatin, and gastrin

42
Q

What phase prepares the stomach for digestion?

A

cephalic

43
Q

What is the largest gland in the body

A

liver

44
Q

what are the lobe of the liver

A

right
left
caudate
quadrate

45
Q

what is the functional unit of the liver

A

hepatocyte

46
Q

what is the hepatic sinus

A

vascular channels that separate the hepatocytes

47
Q

The portal triad of the liver does what

A

the hepatic artery supplies oxygen
portal vein brings nutrient-rich blood
bile ducts receives the bile

48
Q

the liver plays a role in what 2 major functions

A

carbohydrate metabolism (glucose buffer)
fat metabolism (oxidize fatty acids)

49
Q

what breaks down bacteria as the liver detoxifies the body

A

kupffer cells

50
Q

what helps metabolites secrete into bile for elimination

A

cytochrome P450 enzymes

51
Q

what organ is responsible for the handling of ammonia

A

the liver

52
Q

how is ammonia exreted

A

converted to urea, and processed the urea cycle, and excreted as urine

53
Q

what is the only major class of plasma proteins not synthesized by the liver

A

immunoglobulins

54
Q

What is the function of the large intestine

A

absorb water, electrolytes, and form feces
home of the intestinal microbes

55
Q

what hormone plays an important roles in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

A

aldosterone

56
Q

What is the main phase of acid secretion

A

gastric, last 3-4 hours

57
Q

Secretion is induced by stimuli within what receptors

A

stretch

58
Q

food in the stomach triggers

A

vasovagal reflexes (Ach) and gastrin secretion

59
Q

chief cells secrete what

A

pepsinogen

60
Q

parietal cells contain what type of pump?

A

proton potassium pump

61
Q

parietal cells release what

A

protons

62
Q

where are 90% of nutrients absorbed

A

small intestine

63
Q

what is the largest part of the digestive system

A

small intestine

64
Q

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
illeum

65
Q

what is the most important structural feature of the small intestine

A

villi (entrocyte 3000-5000)

66
Q

what happens with the small

A

GI (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions