1. Intro to Physiology & Homeostasis

Question 1

Physiology-explains body functions via cause and effect.

This is done by ….

Answer 1

analyzing the purpose and mechanism of the body’s functions`

Question 2

Anatomy-

Answer 2

Study of structure

Question 3

Cells

Answer 3

fundamental unit of structure and function

Question 4

Basic functions of a cell.

Answer 4

Energy, obtaining nutrients and O2
Synthesis, transportation
Environmental response, managing wastes
Reproduction

Question 5

Tissues–Organized cell of similar structure and function

List 4 types:

Answer 5

1. Muscle
2. Nervous
3. Epithelial
4. Connective

Question 6

Muscle produces tension and movement via contraction.

List 3 types of muscle

Answer 6

1. Skeletal muscle
2. Cardiac muscle
3. Smooth muscle (tube & organs)

Question 7

Nerves–Specialized cells for conducting electrical impulses

Answer 7

Important for communication and control

Question 8

Epithelial cells–Specialized for exchanging materials between environments

1. Epithelial Sheets–
2. Secretory Glands–

Answer 8

1. Membranes to separate compartments

2. Secrete substances

Question 9

Connective tissue–connects supports, and anchors body parts

Answer 9

1. Loose connective tissue
2. Tendons-muscles to bones
3. Bone-provide shape and support
4. Blood-transports material

Question 10

Glands-specialized secreting epithelial tissues

2 types:

Answer 10

1. Exocrine-secrete substances into cavity or body surface

2. Endocrine-secrete hormones into blood

Question 11

Organs-

Answer 11

Functional combinations of tissues

Question 12

Body systems-collections of related organs with common activity

Answer 12

11 different systems form the entire body

Question 13

Fluid compartments

Answer 13

Intracellular

Extracellular

Question 14

Plasma membrane allows _____ fluid concentration; required for ___ and ___

Answer 14

stable

life / survival

Question 15

Homeostasis involves controlling concentrations of:

Answer 15

Nutrients
O2 & CO2
waste
pH, water, salt
electrolytes, volum and pressure
temperature

Question 16

2 classes of homeostatic control system are

Answer 16

1. Intrinsic (local)-built into the organ

2. Extrinsic (systemic)–nervous system controls lungs/ brain

Question 17

A homeostatic control system must be able to

Answer 17

detect deviations,
integrate information,
effect change to restore normality

Question 18

Feedback mechanisms

Answer 18

Negative feedback

Positive feedback

Question 19

Negative Feedback–opposed to change and response triggers

Answer 19

Ex. response to blood pressure drop when standing up

Question 20

Positive Feedback–amplifies initial change to move system away from set point

Answer 20

Ex. Action potentials, child birthing

Question 21

Pathophysiology

Answer 21

Abnormal functioning of the body.

Question 22

feedback mechanism:
deviation in variable->detection by sensor->informs integrator->sends instructions to Effector->brings about compensatory response->results in restoring controlled variable

Answer 22

lastly negative feedback shuts off system responsible for response

Question 23

Positive feedback

Answer 23

uncommon