1 intro to module Flashcards
what is a prion?
abnormally folded protein that causes progressive neurodegenerative conditions, affect brain structure by converting normal folding proteins to prions
how do bacteria communicate?
via signals, toxins they release
give an example of a sterile body system
neurological or circulatory
give an example of a non-sterile body system
respiratory or digestive
describe endogenous infection acquisition
infection from bacteria naturally present in the body, but in an area it doesn’t usually colonise
describe congenital infection acquisition
transmit from the mother to baby at birth (e.g. in strep B, give mother I.V penicillin before baby is delivered to prevent transmission)
spectrum of activity can be either
specific or broad
what are issues to consider in treatment? (7)
mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, side effects, cost, toxicity, allergy and resistance
define antibiotic
substances produced by microorganisms antagonistic to the growth or life of others in high dilution
drugs are used prophylactically and therapeutically, define these terms
to prevent and to treat
bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics by rapidly evolving mechanisms to (4)
neutralise them, actively pump them out of their cells, prevent them from entering and rendering them ineffective at the target site
why have pharmaceutical companies left the field of antibiotic drug discovery
economic reasons- people only take antibiotics for a short amount of time, resistance, long clinical trials where not guaranteed to work
