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Mustafa respiratory > 1 Intro to lungs > Flashcards

1 Intro to lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange
Regulating body pH
Protection from infection
Speech

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2
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Movement of gases between air and body cells
Involves integration of respiratory and cardiovascular systems

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3
Q

What is the difference between pulmonary & systemic circulation?

A

Pulmonary circ. delivers CO2 to lung tissue & collects oxygen
Systemic circulation collects CO2 from body tissues & delivers oxygen

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4
Q

What are the sections of the pulmonary circulation?

A

Pulmonary artery carries CO2 from heart -> lungs
Pulmonary vein carries oxygen towards heart from lungs

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5
Q

What are the 3 gas exchanges in circulation?

A

1) Between free air & lung tissue
2) Between lung tissue & pulmonary circulation
3) Between systemic circulation & cells

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6
Q

What is the steady state of oxygen supply mean?

A

Net volume of O2 exchanged in lungs = net volume of O2 exchanged in tissues

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7
Q

What is the benefit of the oxygen steady state?

A

Prevents gas build up in circulation
Ensures supply = demand

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8
Q

What is the average volume of O2 consumed & CO2 produced?

A

250ml O2 per min
200ml of CO2 per min

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9
Q

What are the average no. of breaths per minute?

A

10-20 breaths per min at rest
40-45 breaths per min at max exercise

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10
Q

What are the 6 sections of the respiratory system in descending order?

A

Nose
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus

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11
Q

What does the nose do?

A

Air enters body through nose
Cilia & mucus trap particles & warm/moisten air

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12
Q

What does the pharynx do?

A

Air from nose travels here
Shared part of throat with digestive system

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13
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

Flap of elastic cartilage that covers entrance to the larynx during swallowing to prevent choking on food

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14
Q

Whats the purpose of the larynx?

A

Contains vocal chords which vibrate for sound

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15
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

Funnels air from the pharynx to lungs

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16
Q

What makes up the trachea?

A

Stiff rings of cartilage for support & protection

17
Q

What do the bronchi do?

A

Funnel air from trachea to lung tissue

18
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A

Mouth
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

19
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

20
Q

What encloses & binds the lower respiratory tract?

A

Thorax encloses lower respiratory tract.
It is bound by ribs, spine & diaphragm.

21
Q

What is the differnace between the 2 bronchi?

A

Right bronchus is shorter, wider, steeper.
This often causes aspirated foreign bodies to lodge in right bronchus

22
Q

What is patency?

A

Condition (State) of being open or unobstructed

23
Q

How is the patency of the larynx, trachea & bronchi maintained?

A

By C-shaped rings of cartilage

24
Q

How is the patency of the bronchiole maintained?

A

By physical forces in thorax

25
Q

How is the airway diameter & resistance to flow altered?

A

By bornchial smooth muscle

26
Q

What is a lobule?

A

A cluster of alveoli
Each cluster surrounded by elastic fibres & capillaries

27
Q

What are alveolar cells called?

A

Pneumocytes

28
Q

Detail type l alveolar cells?

A
  • Responsible for gas exchange
  • 97% of alveolar surface
  • Simple squamous epithelium
29
Q

Detail type ll alveolar cells?

A
  • Syntehsize surfactant
  • High in phospholipids & protein
30
Q

What does surfactant do?

A
  • Reduces alveolar surface tension
  • Reduces effort of breathing
31
Q

What happens to any foreign material reaches the alveoli?

A

Ingested by macrophages

32
Q

Why can gas exchange only occur at the alveoli?

A

Higher airway walls are too big
Air is known as anatomical dead space

33
Q

What makes alveoli so good at gas exchange?

A

Very thin walls
Large surface area.

34
Q

How does the airway lining change from the nose-> alveoli?

A
  • Epithelium becomes more squamous
  • Cilia is lost
  • Mucous is lost
35
Q

What does mucuous do?

A

Traps particles & moistens air
Provides large surface area for cilia to act on

36
Q

Where is mucous made?

A

Goblet cells
Sub-epithelial glands

Mustafa respiratory (12 decks)

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