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Human Geography > 1. Intro To Human Geography > Flashcards

1. Intro To Human Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

Human Geography

A

Focuses on:

  • how people make places
  • how we organize space and society
  • how we interact with each other in places across space
  • how we make sense of ourselves and other
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2
Q

(Focus of Geography)

Spatial Systems

A

looking at interrelated phenomena across space

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3
Q

(Focus of Geography)

Areal Variation on the Earh’s Surface

A

looking for differences across space

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4
Q

(Focus of Geography)

Regional Geography

A

looking at the sum of phenomena in a particular area

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5
Q

Globalization

A

•Diffusion of everything into the rest of the world.

  • a set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and accelerating interdependence across national borders.
  • cultural, social, and economic traits are adopted throughout the world.
  • fuelled by increases in mobility/communications, cultural flows, and economic integration.
    ex) fast food brands, language, religion
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6
Q

Hybridization

A

Any two cultures that meld together.

ex) McDonald’s in India using lamb patties instead of beef. (would’ve been a cultural insult)

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7
Q

More Globalization

A

-a growing integration and interdependence of world communities through a vast network of trade and communication
-associated with a wide range of technological, cultural, and economic outcomes affecting our daily lives.
-Response to two major forces:
•technology change
•global capitalism

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8
Q

Two Way Flows

A

•Other cultures impact us

  • we can have Japanese, Chinese or Thai food just about anywhere. (or hybridizations).
  • different languages being taught and spoken on homes.
  • “manga” comic books
  • tattoos
  • foods at the grocery store
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9
Q

Globalization Video

A
  • winners and losers in globalization

- a companies’ whole system depends on production staying away from consumption

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10
Q

Video “Teeth Chiseling”

A

-outside influence has reduced teeth filing and added smokes and t-shirts
-“look more beautiful for her husband, so that he won’t leave her”
☆-Beauty is defined by the culture and traditions of local people
—>lens with which we view the practices define how we view them

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11
Q

Sense of Place

A

infusing a place with meaning and emotion

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12
Q

Perception of Place

A

belief or understanding of what a place is like, often based on books, movies, stories, or pictures

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13
Q

(Interrelations between Places)

Accessibility

A
  • degree to which isolation may be overcome
  • ease of reaching a particular place
  • is determined by travel time and cost. The greater the accessibility to a place the easier it is to get to.
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14
Q

(Interrelations between Places)

Connectivity

A
  • total number of ways that a place is linked to other places.
    ex) roads, rivers, telecommunications, electricity line.
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15
Q

Density

A

the measure of the quantity of a feature within a defined area.
ex) more robberies in Winnipeg along major routes.

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16
Q

Dispersion

A

the amount of spread in space between features.

ex) random dispersion, clustered dispersion

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17
Q

Pattern

A

the geometric arrangement of features in space.

ex) linear, clustered, or random.

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18
Q

(Site vs. Situation)

Site

A

LOCAL physical and cultural characteristics and attributes of a place.
ex) topography, vegetation, languages spoken, common religions, etc.

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19
Q

(Site vs. Situation)

Situation

A

refers to EXTERNAL relations and connections of a place.
ex) How is the place located relative to other places and things?
What’re the connections? How accessible is the place?

20
Q

Atlantic Canada

A

•Canada’s eastern provinces

  • Historically: economically poor areas due in large part to their situations.
  • isolated from the rest of Canada
  • manufacturing and the little agriculture possible are too expensive.
  • very few close natural resources.
  • many of the traditional fishing economies they did have are now crashing along with the fish populations.
21
Q

Absolute Location

A
  • a precise system of locating phenomena in space, (latitude and longitude), provides unique description of location.
  • one point on earth and NO where else
22
Q

Relative Location

A
  • the position of a place or activity in relation to other places or activities: neither precise nor particularly unique.
  • describing where a place is in comparison to other places. (used more than absolute location).
  • location relative to somewhere else.
23
Q

Movement

A

Expression of interconnectedness of places.

24
Q

Spatial Diffusion

A

movement of an idea or innovation from its origin across space and over time (to new areas).
ex) newest technologies, colds and flus

25
Q

What slows/prevents diffusion?

A

Distance decay and cultural barriers.

26
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

idea or innovation spreads outward from the orgin

27
Q

(Expansion Diffusion)

Contagious

A

spreads adjacently

person to person

28
Q

(Expansion Diffusion)

Hierarchical

A

spreads along hierarchies

ex) biggest to smallest, most powerful to least powerful, most connected to least connected.

29
Q

(Expansion Diffusion)

Stimulus

A

an idea promotes similar (but NOT the same) development.

30
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

immigrant groups moving to another area, and then spreading the idea there

31
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

movement of individuals who carry an idea or innovation with them to a new, perhaps distant, location.

32
Q

Formal Region

A
  • defined by a commonality, typically a cultural linkage or a physical characteristic.
  • CULTURAL/PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC
    ex) German speaking region of Europe.
    ex) Area of town where the wealthiest people live
33
Q

Functional Region

A
  • defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within it.
  • FUNCTIONS AS A SYSTEM
    ex) each province and territory in Canada
    ex) areas where WestJet fly to are their functional region. it’s defined by area
34
Q

Perceptional Region

A
  • ideas in our minds, based on accumulated knowledge of places and regions, that define an area of “sameness” or “connectedness.”
  • no right and wrong
    ex) the South, Mid-Atlantic, Middle East
35
Q

Video: Formal and Functional Regions

A

•Formal Regions can be proven to exist.

  • climate
  • countries and cities
  • physical features
  • language and culture
  • economic regions

•Functional regions based around something and connected by transportation.

  • water pipelines
  • power supplies
  • service areas (pizza delivery)
  • phone services

•Perceptual Regions no clear boundaries. Based on stereotypes, not facts.

36
Q

Natural Landscape

A

the physical setting for human activity, help to shape how people live.
ex) climate, resources, terrain

37
Q

Cultural Landscape

A
  • the visible expression of human activity or influence on the environment.
    ex) Vegas, Hover Dam, diffusion of religion
38
Q

Nature

A

Physical environment external to people.

39
Q

Culture

A

Culture distinguishes people from nature.

40
Q

18th Century Nature-Culture Dualism

A

used to argue that culture makes people superior to nature.

-societies were “ranked” by their culture.

41
Q

Cultural Ecology

A

studies the relationship between people and the environment

42
Q

Culture

A

an all-encompassing term that identifies not only the whole tangible lifestyle of peoples, but also their prevailing values and beliefs.

43
Q

Culture is:

A
  • a social creation
  • dynamic
  • complex

Culture can be thought of as an abstract topic.

44
Q

Sequent Occupance

A

Layers of imprints in a cultural landscape that reflect years of differing human activity.

ex) Athens, Greece: ancient Agora surrounded by modern buildings.
ex) Winnipeg Exchange District

45
Q

(Environments as Controls)

Environmental Determinism

A
  • environment shaped/controlled human culture and actions. (1800s, noe rejected).
  • contributes to judging other cultures based on your own culture.
46
Q

(Environments as Controls)

Possibilism

A

environment sets limits, but people decide how to respond to the environment.

Human Geography (5 decks)

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