1. Intro To Cognitive Neuroscience Flashcards
Delta waves
?frequency & functions
0.5 - 4hz
INSTINCT (survival, deep sleep, coma)
UNCONSCIOUS
Theta waves
? Frequency and function
4-8hz
EMOTION (drives, feelings, dreams)
UNCONSCIOUS
Alpha
?frequency and function
8-13hz
CONSCIOUSNESS (body awareness, integration of feelings)
Beta
?frequency and function
13-30hz
THOUGHT (perception, concentration, mental activity)
Gamma
?frequency and function
30-42
WILL ( extreme focus, energy, ecstasy)
EEG
When- excellent temporal resolution. No spatial
Direct measure of electrical activity
Can be used in function block design
Easy and cheap
Used to give ERPs by time locking to stimuli
MEG
Magnetoencephalography
Same as EEG - better localisation of ERP
Only picks up sulcal activity
PET
Positron emission tomography
Using contrast- radioactive, not good for kidney px
Good spatial and 3D imaging
NO temporal due to delayed contrast effects- not used in block design studies
TMS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Lesion studies
Cheap and transient
Difficult to focus it
Mainly only superficial cortex
FMRI
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Good spatial (not good temporal but better than PET )
Event related designs
Non invasive
Expensive
Indirect measure based on assumptions of haemodynamics
John Jackson
Studied his epileptic wife
Observed that she had seizures starting as a hand seizure that spread to whole body seizure
Theory that brain must have small localised areas and then the electrical impulse spread across the whole cortex
(Now known that lots of epilepsy starts in the hippocampus, that’s why people sometimes know they’re getting a seizure because of deja vu or a familiar smell)
