1 - Immunité Innée

Question 1

Quels sont les différences et ressemblance de l’immunité innée VS adaptative

Answer 1

Ressemblances : Rapide, pro/anti-inflamm, Spécifique

Différences :

Innée = molecular pattern specific + Born with

Adaptative = Ag specific + ↑ résolution

Question 2

Quels sont les 6 principaux R de reconnaissance dans l’immunité?

Quel est leur localisation?

Answer 2

1) TLR - transmembranaire
2) NLR - intracell
3) Lectine - surface cellulaire
4) RLRs helicase - intracell
5) Chemokine GPCR
6) Formyl peptide R

Question 3

Quels sont les 3 mécanismes de mobilité des cell immunitaire?

Answer 3

1) Chemotaxis
2) Diapedesis (sang → tissus)
3) Phagocytose

Question 4

Quel est le mécanisme de toxicité de :

1) Neutrophile
2) Macrophage

Answer 4

1) Neutrophile : ROS + cytotoxic granules + Cyto/chemokines

2) Macrophage : iNOS + NO production + Cyto/chemokines

Question 5

Why is there more inflammation in autoimmune diseases if the immune system is responsible for inflammatory response?

Answer 5

Because we have a longer interaction with the pathogens → Body has to use other defense mecanisms that are more damaging.

Question 6

From which tissue layer do the majority of immune cells come from?

Answer 6

Mesoderm

Question 7

Nommer les 8 cellules du système immunitaire inée qu’on retrouve dans le sang

Nommer les 4 cellules qui ne sont pas dans le sang

Answer 7

1) Macrophage
2) Neutrophile
3) Monocyte
4) DC
5) Basophile
6) Éosinophile
7) NK
8) Innate lymphoid cells

Not in blood :

Microglia, Astrocytes, Kupffer cells, Langerhans cell

Question 8

Progenitor cells of myeloid lineage become what type of cells?

Answer 8

1) Myeloblast → Baso, Eosino, Neutrophil

2) Monoblaste → Monocyte

Question 9

What are the 3 types of ILC?

What do they secrete? Are they pro/anti-inflamm?

Answer 9

1) ILC1 - IFN-y = ↑ Inflamm (produce NK cells)
2) ILC2 - IL-5/3 ↓ inflamm
3) ILC3 - IL-17 ↑ inflamm

Question 10

What is the role of Neutrophiles?

Half life?

Quels sont les molécules principales sécrétés?

Answer 10

First line of defense - t 1/2 = 6-12h

MMP9 - dégrade matrice extracell for trapped pathogen

IL-8 (Chemokine)

Cytokines pro-inflamm : TNF-1 + IL-b

ROS + iNOS

Question 11

What is the cellular origin of macrophages?

Answer 11

Derived from Monocytes that have entered the tissue

Question 12

What cells are responsible for anaphylactique choc?

How?

Answer 12

Basophile / Eosinophile / Mast cell

Liaison Fc e R → Release of granules rich in Heparin + histamine

Question 13

What is the origin of a microglia?

Answer 13

early migration of a macrophage in SNC

Question 14

Describe the molecules associated to Macrophage polarization

Answer 14

M1 : IFN-y, TNFa, LPS = Cytotoxic, tissue injury

M2 : IL-4, 10, 13, TGF-b = Imm supression + tissue repair

Question 15

Quel est le rôle des microglie?

Par l’expression de quels molécules/R

Answer 15

Protège SNC d’infection/toxicité

Éliminer les débris de cellules mores

Cyto/chemokines pro/anti-inflamm

Exprime CMH + co-stim

R innée

Question 16

Quel est le rôle principale des astrocytes?

Quels sont les 2 types et quels sont les facteurs affectant la maturation?

Answer 16

Rôle important dans la formation de BHE

A1 - en réponse à une microglie activé → Neurotox/Neurodégénération

A2 - réponse à une lésion → Neurotrophic factors/Neuroprotection

Question 17

What are the 3 signals involved in DC-Tcell interaction?

Answer 17

CD28 + TCR + IL-12 → Th1