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4 Immune System > 1 Hypersensitivity Type II, III, IV > Flashcards

1 Hypersensitivity Type II, III, IV Flashcards

1
Q

Define hypersensitivity.

A

Antigen specific immune responses that are either inappropriate or excessive and result in harm to host (tissue destruction or change in function)

Think trigger? mechanism? target tissue?

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2
Q

There are two types of triggers (antigens) that can cause a hypersensitivity reactions: exogenous and intrinsic antigens. Give examples of each.

A

Exogenous

Intrinsic

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3
Q

Differentiate between the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions in terms of how they are mediated.

A

Type 2= against membrane bound antigens (expressed at tissue or cell surface)

Type 3= against soluble antigen- circulating antibody and antigen complex in blood

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4
Q

What are the 2 phases of a hypersensitivity reaction? What happens in each phase?

A
  • Sensitisation phase
    • First encounter with antigen
    • APCs activated
    • Memory effector cells activated
  • Effector phase
    • Pathological reaction upon re-exposure to antigen
    • Activation of memory cells
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5
Q

How long does it take a type II hypersensitivity reaction to develop after exposure? Which antibodies does it involve?

A

Develops within: 5-12hrs

Targets with: IgG and IgM antibodies

Targets cell bound antigens eg blood group antigens, Rhesus D antigens

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6
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms by which type II hypersensitivity reactions can cause tissue/cell damage.

A

Complement pathways= important

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7
Q

Give some examples of type II hypersensitivity reactions.

A
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8
Q

An examples of a type II hypersensitivity reaction is a haemolytic transfusion reaction. Explain how this occurs:

A
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9
Q

Explain how haemolytic disease of the newborn can occur.

A
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10
Q

What are the 2 mechansims by which type II hypersensitivity reactions can cause physiological change (rather than tissue/cell damage).

A
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11
Q

Looking at the mechanisms for type II hypersensitivity reactions, give some ways that we can treat/manage them:

(4 for tissue damage, 2 for physiological change)

A
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12
Q

Give 3 specific conditions that plasmapheresis can be used for (to give short term relief- allows healing of damaged tissue).

A

Myasthenia gravis

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Grave’s disease

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13
Q

The type II hypersensitivity reaction develops within 5-12 hrs. How long does it take a type III hypersensitivity reaction to develop? How is tissue damage caused in a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Develops: within 3-8hrs

Tissue damage= caused by deposition of immune complexes in host tissues

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14
Q

What 3 main factors affect the pathogenesis of immune complexes in a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A
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15
Q

Give examples of 3 diseases caused by type III hypersensitivity reactions.

A
  1. Rheumatoid arthritis
  2. Glomerulonephritis (infectious)
    1. Bacterial endocarditis
    2. Hepatitis B infection
  3. SLE (Systemic lupus erythmatosus)
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16
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis is primarily caused by the rheumatoid factor of IgG (Fc portion of IgG). Give some poor prognosis factors for rheumatoid arthritis.

A
  • Female
  • <30 yrs old
  • High level of rheumatoid factor
  • DR4 allele
  • Joint erosions
17
Q

Give some of the consequences (problems caused) by SLE (most prevalent immune complexes disease).

A

(More prevalent in females than males)

Repeated miscarriages

18
Q

How long does it take a type IV hypersensitivity reaction to develop? What cells are involved?

A

Develops (usually): 24-72hrs

Involves: lymphocytes and macrophages

19
Q

What are the different types of hypersensitivity reaction?

A
  1. Contact hypersensitivity
  2. Tuberculin hypersensitivity
  3. Granulomatous hypersensitivity
20
Q

One of the causes of a type IV hypersensitivity is contact hypersensitivity which requires an exogenous antigen. Give some examples of exogenous antigens that can cause hypersensitivity reactions.

A

Nickel

Poison ivy

Organic chemicals

21
Q

Give some examples of type IV granulomatous hypersensitivity reactions to exogenous antigens.

A
  • Tuberculosis
  • Leprosy
  • Schistosomiasis
  • Sarcoidosis
22
Q

Give 3 examples of diseases caused by type IV hypersensitivity reactions to endogenous antigens.

A
23
Q

How can we treat type III and types IV hypersensitivity reactions?

A

4 Immune System (6 decks)

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