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BMS 191 > 1. Homeostasis, Anatomical terms and Body systems > Flashcards

1. Homeostasis, Anatomical terms and Body systems Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

Study of body structures and their relationships to each other.

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2
Q

Define Physiology

A

Study of how the body normally functions e.g non diseased state

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3
Q

Organism

A

Living being

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4
Q

System

A

Consists of related organs with a common function

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5
Q

Organ

A

Structure composed of two or more types of tissue

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6
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of cells and the material around them

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7
Q

Cells

A

Basic structural and functional unit of organisms

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8
Q

6 levels of structural organisation in the human body

A
  1. Chemical level
  2. Cellular level
  3. Tissue level
  4. Organ level
  5. Organ system level
  6. Organism level
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9
Q

11 systems of the human body

A
  1. Nervous system
  2. Respiratory system
  3. Skeletal System
  4. Endocrine system (hormones)
  5. Cardiovascular system
  6. Digestive system
  7. Urinary system
  8. Lymphatic/immune system
  9. Integumentary system (skin, hair, nails)
  10. Reproductive system
  11. Muscular system
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10
Q

Anatomical position

A

Body standing up straight
Palms facing forwards
Limbs extending
Thumbs directed outwardly

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11
Q

Prone vs Supine

A

Prone - lying face down

Supine - lying face upwards (s=sky)

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12
Q

Superior (cranial) vs Inferior (caudal)

A

Superior - towards the head. e.g the heart is superior to the liver

Inferior - further from the head. e.g the stomach is inferior to the lungs

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13
Q

Posterior (dorsal) vs Anterior (ventral)

A

Posterior - towards the back of the body.

Anterior - towards the front of the body

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14
Q

Proximal vs Distal

A

Proximal - nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk. e.g the humerus is proximal to the radius

Distal - farther from to the attachment of a limb to the trunk. e.g the phalanges are distal to the carpals

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15
Q

Midline

A

Line that divides the body lengthways into two

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16
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the midline. e.g the ulna is medial to the radius

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17
Q

Lateral

A

Further from midline. e.g the radius is lateral to the heart

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18
Q

Superficial vs Deep

A

Superficial - towards the surface of the body. e.g the ribs are superficial to the lungs

Deep - away from the surface of the body.

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19
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body into equal right and left halves

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20
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

Divides body into anterior and posterior portions

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21
Q

Transverse (horizontal) plane

A

Divides the body into superior and inferior portions

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22
Q

What are body cavities and what do they do?

A

Are spaces located within the body that help protect, separate and support internal organs.
Separated by bones, muscles and ligaments

23
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Encircled by the ribs, muscles of the chest, the sternum and thoracic portion of the vertebral column

24
Q

Cavities in the thoracic cavity

A

Pericardial
Pleural
Mediastinum

25
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

A fluid filled space that contains the heart

26
Q

Pleural cavities

A

Two fluid filled cavities on either side of the thoracic cavity each containing a lung

27
Q

Mediastinum

A

Central portion of the thoracic cavity

28
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Extends from the diaphragm (top) to the groin (bottom)

Surrounded by the abdominal wall and the bones and muscles of the pelvis

29
Q

Cavities in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdomincal

Pelvic

30
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallballder, small/large intestine

31
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Contains the bladder, portions of the large intestine and internal portions of the reproductive organs

32
Q

Viscera

A

A term that refers to all organs located within both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

33
Q

Serous membranes

A

Thin, slippery, double layered membranes that cover the viscera of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

34
Q

Parts of the serous membranes

A

Parietal layer
Visceral layer
Serous fluid

35
Q

Parietal layer

A

Lines the wall of cavity

36
Q

Visceral cavity

A

Attaches to and covers the outside of the organs within the cavity

37
Q

Serous fluid

A

reduces the friction between two layers. e.g when lungs inflate and deflate during breathing

38
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane within the abdominal cavity

39
Q

Within peritoneum

A

Visceral peritoneum

Parietal peritoneum

40
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Serous membrane layer that covers surface of abdominal viscera

41
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Serous membrane layer stuck to the inside of the abdominal wall

42
Q

Retroperitoneum

A

Organs located between the peritoneum and posterior portion of the abdominal wall. e.g kidneys, pancreas

43
Q

Body regions

A

Abdominopelvic quadrants

Abdominopelvic regions

44
Q

Abdominopelvic quadrants

A

Method used to divide the abdominopelvic cavity, describing site of pain:

  1. right upper quadrant
  2. right lower quadrant
  3. Left upper quadrant
  4. left lower quadrant
45
Q

Abdominopelvic regions

A

Upper regions
Middle regions
Lower regions

46
Q

Upper regions (hypochondriac)

A
  1. Right hypochondriac region
  2. Epigastric region
  3. Left hypochondriac region
47
Q

Middle regions (lumbar)

A
  1. Right lumbar region
  2. Umbilical region
  3. Left lumbar region
48
Q

Lower regions (iliac)

A
  1. Right iliac region
  2. Hypogastric region
  3. Left iliac region
49
Q

6 characteristics of living organisms

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Response
  3. Movement
  4. Growth
  5. Differentiation
  6. reproduce
50
Q

Define homeostasis

A

The maintenance of relatively stable conditions within the internal environment

51
Q

Basic components of a feedback loop

A

Receptor
Control centre
Effector

52
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

e.g body temperature

53
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

e.g childbirth

BMS 191 (3 decks)

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