1. Holding and Instrument Approach to Land Procedures Flashcards
1.2 Aircraft Performance Category:
What determines what category an aircraft is? What is this speed equal to?
V_at = threshold speed at max landing weight V_at = 1.3*Vso or Vs1g*1.23
1.2 Aircraft Performance Category
When can an aircraft increase category?
When actual handling speeds are in excess for the category (PC-21 falls into this category)
1.4 Minimum Route Altitudes:
When can an aircraft descend below the LSALT or MSA for a route segment being flown?
1) Complying with requirements of visual approach
2) Conforming with published DME or GNSS arrival procedures
3) When identified and assigned an altitude by ATC
If none of these exist, can’t descent below until it has arrived over the IAF or facility.
1.5 Procedure Entry
Having arrived over the IAF or facility, when may further descent be made?
In accordance with the entry and holding procedures to the specified altitude for commencing the approach, and subsequently with the approved instrument approach procedure.
1.6 Meteorological Minima
What exception can an A/C descend below DA, MDA or RA when meteorological minima are not met?
In an emergency
- 7 Circling Approaches and Visual Circling
1) When can an A/C circle in areas identified as “no circling”?
2) What must be kept in visual contact while at MDA for circling?
3) What does the circling MDA provide protection for?
4) Before commencing an instrument approach, what should pilots familiarize themselves with regarding circling?
5) When circling, when may an A/C descend below circling MDA?
6) What is the minimum obstacle clearance height and circling radius for CAT C A/C?
1) Only in Day VMC
2) Runway environment
3) Obstacles within the circling area
4) A topographical map of the circling area to identify what obstacles are in the circling area
5)
a) Maintains the A/C within the circling area
b) Maintains a visibility, along the intended flight path, not less than the minimum specified on the chart for the procedure
c) Maintains visual contact with the landing runway environment; and either
d) By day or night, when complying with a,b,c and from a position within the circling area on downwind, base or final leg of the landing traffic patter at an altitude not less than the MDA, can complete a continuous descent to the landing threshold using normal maneuvers maintain Cat C obstacle clearance height until aligned with runway environment OR;
e) By day only, maintains visual contact with obstacles along intended flight path and an obstacles clearance not less than the minimum for the A/C performance category until the aircraft is aligned with the landing runway.
6) 400 ft and 4.2 NM
1.8 Visual Maneuvering (Non-circling) subsequent to NPA and APV
1) When can A/C descend below straight in MDA for NPA or DA for APV?
2) What degree offset can straight in NPA be from runway centreline?
3) For an NPA, when can A/C be maneuvered to align the A/C with the runway centerline?
1)
- Visual Reference can be maintained
- All elements of the meteorological minima are equal to or greater than those published for the A/C performance category
- A/C is continuously in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal flight maneuvers that will allow touchdown to occur within the touchdown zoen or the runway of intended landing.
2) 15 deg
3)
a) Within the circling area
b) Visual reference can be maintained
c) Continuously in sight of ground/water
1.10 Missed Approach - Standard Procedures
1) When should a missed approach be executed?
2) In the event that a missed approach is initiated prior to arrived at the MAPT, where should pilots fly to?
3) How should pilots initiate missed approach when circling?
1)
a) During the final segment of an instrument approach, the A/C is not maintained within the applicable navigation tolerance for the aid in use
b) During an instrument approach and below MSA, radio aid becomes suspect or the radio aid fails
c) Visual reference is not established at or before reaching the MAPT or DA/RA height from which the missed approach procedure commences
d) Landing cannot be effect from a runway approach, unless a circling approach can be conducted in weather conditions equal to or better than those specified for circling
e) Visual reference is lost while circling to land from an instrument approach
2) Pilots should fly to the MAPT and then follow the missed approach procedure
3) Turn towards the landing runway where the pilot will establish on the missed approach track.
- 12 Missed Approach Requirements - GNSS
1) What should the pilot do if RAIM is lost or RAIM is suspect at any time passing the initial approach fix?
2) Can the GNSS be used for missed approach guidance if the warning ceases when missed approach is selected?
3) IF RAIM warning remains when missed approach is selected, how should pilot fly missed approach?
1) Execute the missed approach
2) Yes provided the RAIM warning ceases before the missed approach is selected
3) An alternative method of guidance or dead reckoning must be used to fly the missed approach.
1.15 Visual Approaches
1) When may the pilot conduct a visual approach BY DAY?
2) When may the pilot conduct a visual approach BY NIGHT?
1) Within 30NM of aerodrome, at altitude NB the LSALT/MSA for the route segment, appropriate step of the DME/GNESS arrival procedure, A/C is established:
a ) Clear of cloud
b ) In sight of ground/water
c) VIS >= 5KM
d ) Maintain a,b,c at an altitude not less than the minimum require for VFR flight to within the circling area.
2) At altitude NB the LSALT/MSA for the route segement, appropriate step of DME/GNSS arrival procedure, or the MDA for the procedure being flown, A/C established:
a) Clear or cloud
b) In sight of ground/water
c) VIS >= 5KM
d) Within circling area, or:
e) Within 5NM (7NM for a runway equipped with an ILS) or that aerodrome, aligned with the runway centreline and established NB on slope on the T-VASIS/PAPI; or
f) WIthin 10NM of aerodrome, established NB ILS glide path with less than full scale azimuth deflection.
1.16 Handling Speeds
1) What is the speed range for initial and intermediate approach for CAT C?
2) What is the speed range of final approach speeds for CAT C A/C?
3) What is the Max Speed for Visual Circling for CAT C A/C?
4) What is Max speed for Missed Approach ?
1) 160-240
2) 115-160
3) 180 KIAS
4) 240 KIAS
1.22 Wind Effect
Should allowances in heading and timing to be made to compensate for the effects of wind?
Yes
1.23 Bank Angle
What bank angle are procedures based on?
25 deg or rate 1 turn, whichever is less.
