1 - History and Examination Flashcards

1
Q

What are the top 10 cancers in the UK?

A
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2
Q

What are the top 10 cancer deaths in the UK?

A
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3
Q

What are the different performance statuses on the WHO performance status system?

A
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4
Q

What age is the clinical frailty scale validated in?

A

>65s

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5
Q

What questions can you ask in the history of presenting complaint if you are suspecting a hameotological malignancy?

A

Don’t forget to think about onset of symptoms etc

  • Fatigue, breathlessness and dizziness (anaemia)
  • Easy bruising and bleeding (thrombocytopenia)
  • Recurrent or atypical infections (impaired immune response)
  • Weight loss, night sweats and pyrexia (known as “B-symptoms”)
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6
Q

After taking a history of presenting complaint for a suspected haematological malignancy, what other questions should you ask in the history?

A

PMHx: Lymphoma/Leukaemia/Myelodysplasia, Bleeding disorders, Anaemias, Thrombotic disorders

Transfusion Hx: What was transfused, any reactions, Any stem cell transplant

DHx + Allergies: Steroids, NSAIDs, anticoagulants

SHx: included recent prolonged immobility like travel

FHx: of haemtological cancers or bleeding disorders e.g haemophilia or Von Willebrand’s

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7
Q

How do you examine a patient if you are suspected a hameotological malignancy?

https://geekymedics.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/OSCE-Checklist-Lymphoreticular-Examination.pdf

A
  1. Introduce, Consent, Chaperone
  2. 45 degrees on bed
  3. General Inspection: pallor, petichiae, bruising
  4. Cervical lymph nodes
  5. Axillary lymph nodes
  6. Epitrochlear lymph nodes
  7. Inguinal lymph nodes
  8. Abdominal: lie flat, palpate abdomen, check for hepatic and splenomegaly
  9. Further Ix: FBC, blood film, further imaging, lymph node biopsy
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8
Q

What is important to know about a patient when referring them to the MDT to make a management plan for their newly diagnosed cancer?

A
  • Performance status
  • Psychological and spiritual needs
  • Social history
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9
Q

When performing an examination for any suspected solid cancer what do you need to make sure you check for?

A

LYMPHADENOPATHY!!!!

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10
Q

What is the purpose of screening?

A

Identify people in an apparently healthy population (asymptomatic) who are at higher risk of a health problem or a condition, so that an early treatment or intervention can be offered

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11
Q

Lung cancer often presents late. Why do we not screen for lung cancer?

A

Where late diagnosis of cancer is a feature of a health system, screening is unlikely to be effective as an initial strategy since both coverage and service capacity will be inadequate to reduce mortality. In these circumstances, an early diagnosis programme is a more cost-effective strategy

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12
Q

What are the aims of screening?

A
  • Reduce mortality by early detection and early treatment
  • Reduce incidence of a condition by identifying and treating its precursors
  • Reduce severity of a condition by identifying people with the condition
  • To increase choice by identifying conditions or risk factors at an early stage in a life-course when more options are available
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13
Q

What are Wilson’s and Jugner’s principles of screening?

A
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14
Q

How do you calculate the following?

A
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15
Q

How does prevalence affect positive predictive value?

A
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16
Q

What are the benefits and harm of screening programmes?

A
17
Q

What cancers can these infections cause?

A
18
Q

What are some ways to reduce your risk of cancer?

A
19
Q

What is the most common primary tumour causing cerebral metastases?

A

LUNG

20
Q

What common drug that got banned in the late 1900’s is used for myeloma treatment?

A

Thalidomide

21
Q

What biochemical test supports a diagnosis of SIADH?

A
  • Normal potassium
  • Normal TSH and no thyroid issues