1 Hazards Flashcards
What is a hazard?
The natural process alone is NOT a hazard.
A process (event) with the potential to create loss.
A threat to human life and property.
Types of natural disasters + 3 examples
Geophysical: Earthquake, Mass movement (dry), Vocanic activity
Hydrological: Flood, Landslide, Wave action
Meterological: Strom, Extreme temperatures, Fog
Climtological: Drought, Clacial Lake outburst, Wildfire
Biological; Animal accident, Epidemic, Insect infestation
Extra- terrestrial: Impact, Space weather
What are enivironmental hazards?
Event originating in and transmitted through the natural and built environments that lead to human death, economic losses and other pre-defined losses.
Two main types of environmental hazard
Natural processses: Extreme geophysical events
Technlogical accidents: Severe system failures
–> Na-Tech disasters
Natural Hazards
Natural processes become hazards when they threaten human life and property.
Technological hazards
Orienting from industrial or technologica conditions, including accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures, or specific human activities that may cause loss of life.
Examples technological hazards
Transport
Industrial
Building and facilities
Hazardous materials
Tsunami
tsu (harbous) nami (wave)
submarine earthquake
submarine volcano
submarine and coastal landslides
meteor impact (mars)
–> displacement of water –> volume of water that i mobilized
Dark colour: marine clays (not only surface movement)
context hazards (global sclae)
International air pollutions (climate change)
environmental degradation (deforestation)
land pressure (intensive urbanisation)
super hazards (NEO impacts)
Threats from hazards
(with decreasing severety)
hazards to people
. death
. injury
. disease
. mental stress
hazards to goods
. property damage
. economic loss
hazards to environment
. loss of flora and fauna
. pollution
. loss of amenity
What is a disaster?
Disasters are social phenomenon that occur when a community suffers exceptional levels of disruption and loss dues to natural processes.
It occurs over
. a limited time
. in a definied area
Disasters occurs where large umbers of people cannot adapt to an events without external assistance.
When a state declaes international disaster, international help can be called in.
Disaster (criteria)
one of the following criteria has to be fullfilled
> 10 death
100 people affected
state of emergency declared
international assistance requested
secondary hazards
after flood: sand, dirt, trash, ….
lack of clean water, spread of disease
In a disaster, secondary hazards are often the cause if more deaths than the impact of the original (primary) hazard.
What is a catastrohpe?
Massive disaster that requires
- significant amount of money or
- significant time to recover
linkages
Hazards are linkes to each other –> some events may cause others or occur together
ex: Earthquakes and landslides
huricane and flooding
Physical anvironment is linked to hazards
ex.: some rock types are prone to subsidence
. large fracture planes in Grantite
. Holocene sandy shallow deposits - liquification
