1. Growing up: Relationships, Families and Early Learning

Question 1

Bond

Answer 1

connection - bond is usually used to describe a very close relationship between people.

Question 2

Nurture

Answer 2

Noun:
the education and care that you are given as a child, and the way it affects your later development and attitudes
پرورش - تربیت

Verb:
to help a plan, idea, feeling etc to develop
پروردن - بزرگ کردن
Ex. European union is an ideal that has been nurtured since the post-war years.

Question 3

Endure

Answer 3

Verb:
to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining - تحمل کردن

• It seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain.

Question 4

Sophisticated

Answer 4

Adjective:

1. a sophisticated machine, system, method etc is very well designed and very advanced, and often works in a complicated way
   - sophisticated software
   - a highly sophisticated weapons system
2. having a lot of knowledge and experience of difficult or complicated subjects and therefore able to understand them well
   - British voters have become much more sophisticated.

خبره - ماهر - سطح بالا - پیشرفته

Question 5

Accommodating

Answer 5

Adjective:
helpful and willing to do what someone else wants OPP awkward
- an accommodating child

Question 6

Upbringing

Answer 6

Noun
the way that your parents care for you and teach you to behave when you are growing up → bring up - تربیت
- Mike had had a strict upbringing.

Question 7

Resemblance

Answer 7

Noun:
if there is a resemblance between two people or things, they are similar, especially in the way they look → similarity - شباهت فیزیکی
- The resemblance between Susan and her sister was remarkable.

Question 8

Striking

Answer 8

Adjective:
unusual or interesting enough to be easily noticed - قابل توجه - برجسته
- a striking contrast between wealth and poverty

Question 9

Maternal

Answer 9

Adjective:
typical of the way a good mother behaves or feels - مادرانه
- Annie was wonderfully warm and maternal.

Question 10

Instinct

Answer 10

Noun:
a natural tendency to behave in a particular way or a natural ability to know something, which is not learned - غریزی
- Animals have a natural instinct for survival.
- the human instinct to form relationships

Question 11

Close-knit

Answer 11

Adjective:
a close-knit group of people is one in which everyone knows each other well and gives each other support when they need it - caring and supportive - صمیمی
- a close-knit community

Question 12

Ties

Answer 12

Plural Noun:
a strong relationship between two people, organizations, or countries, especially when they have responsibilities towards each other or official agreements with each other - رابطه عاطفی
- The group has stayed together because of cultural, social, and other ties.

Question 13

Temperament

Answer 13

Noun:
the emotional part of someone’s character, especially how likely they are to be happy, angry etc - خلق و خو - مزاج
- Jill has such a lovely relaxed temperament.

Question 14

Stubborn

Answer 14

determined not to change your mind, even when people think you are being unreasonable - یک دنده - لجوج
- Why are you so stubborn?

Question 15

Adolescence

Answer 15

Noun:

the time, usually between the ages of 12 and 18, when a young person is developing into an adult - نوجوانی

Question 16

Rivalry

Answer 16

Noun:
a situation in which two or more people, teams, or companies are competing for something, especially over a long period of time, and the feeling of competition between them - رقابت

• There has always been intense rivalry between New Zealand and Australia.
• The two players have developed a friendly rivalry.

Question 17

Immediate Family

Answer 17

people who are very closely related to you, such as your parents, children, brothers, and sisters - خانواده درجه یک