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Bacteriology 🦠 > (1) Gram Negative Bacilli – Book > Flashcards

(1) Gram Negative Bacilli – Book Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the CAMP test?

A

To differentiate Group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) from other streptococcal species.

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2
Q

How does the CAMP test work?

A

Group B streptococci produce a CAMP factor that enhances hemolysis with Staphylococcus aureus, forming an arrowhead-shaped zone of lysis.

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3
Q

What does a positive CAMP test look like?

A

Arrowhead-shaped hemolysis

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4
Q

What is the purpose of Cetrimide Agar?

A

To isolate and purify Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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5
Q

What is the principle of Cetrimide Agar?

A

The agar is toxic to most bacteria but allows Pseudomonas aeruginosa to grow.

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6
Q

What does a positive result on Cetrimide Agar show?

A

Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a color change in the colony.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the Coagulase test?

A

To differentiate Staphylococcus aureus (positive) from coagulase-negative staphylococci (negative).

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8
Q

How does the Coagulase test work?

A

Staphylococcus aureus produces coagulase, which causes plasma to clot.

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9
Q

What does a positive Coagulase test look like?

A

Clot formation

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the Esculin Hydrolysis test?

A

For presumptive identification and differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae.

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11
Q

How does the Esculin Hydrolysis test work?

A

Organisms that hydrolyze esculin form a dark precipitate when reacting with Fe3+.

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12
Q

What does a positive Esculin Hydrolysis test look like?

A

Blackening of the medium

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13
Q

What is the purpose of Fermentation Media?

A

To differentiate organisms based on carbohydrate fermentation.

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14
Q

How does Fermentation Media work?

A

Fermentation produces acid, which is detected by a color change in the pH indicator.

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15
Q

What does a positive result in Fermentation Media look like?

A

A color change indicating acid production.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) test?

A

To identify catalase-negative gram-positive cocci.

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17
Q

How does the LAP test work?

A

LAP enzyme hydrolyzes a substrate to produce a red color when cinnamaldehyde is added.

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18
Q

What does a positive LAP test look like?

A

A red color

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the Microdase Test?

A

To differentiate Staphylococcus from Micrococcus spp.

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20
Q

How does the Microdase Test work?

A

The oxidase enzyme reacts with a reagent and cytochrome C to form indophenol.

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21
Q

What does a positive Microdase Test look like?

A

A blue color

22
Q

What is the purpose of Motility Testing?

A

To determine if an organism is motile.

23
Q

How does Motility Testing work?

A

Motile organisms spread from the inoculation site in semisolid agar.

24
Q

What does a positive Motility Test look like?

A

Diffusion of growth from the inoculation line.

25
Q

What is the purpose of Lactobacillus MRS Broth?

A

test gas production during glucose fermentation.

26
Q

How does Lactobacillus MRS Broth work?

A

The medium supports lactobacilli growth, and gas presence is observed with a Durham tube.

27
Q

What does a positive Lactobacillus MRS Broth test look like?

A

Growth with gas production or no gas.

28
Q

What is the purpose of the Flagella Stain?

A

To visualize bacterial flagella and identify motile species.

29
Q

How does the Flagella Stain work?

A

Flagella are stained with a mordant to increase their visibility under a microscope.

30
Q

What is observed in the Flagella Stain?

A

The presence and arrangement of flagella.

31
Q

What is the purpose of the Indole Production test?

A

To identify organisms producing the enzyme tryptophanase.

32
Q

How does the Indole Production test work?

A

Tryptophan is hydrolyzed to indole, producing a red color with Kovac’s reagent.

33
Q

What does a positive Indole Production test look like?

A

A red ring at the top of the medium.

34
Q

What is the purpose of the MUG test?

A

To identify Enterobacterales and verotoxin-producing E. coli.

35
Q

How does the MUG test work?

A

The enzyme β-D-glucuronidase hydrolyzes the substrate to produce blue fluorescence under UV light.

36
Q

What does a positive MUG test look like?

A

Blue fluorescence under UV light.

37
Q

What is the purpose of the Nitrite Reduction test?

A

To detect the ability of an organism to reduce nitrite to nitrogen or other nitrogen compounds.

38
Q

How does the Nitrite Reduction test work?

A

Reduction to nitrogen shows gas in the Durham tube; lack of red color indicates nitrite reduction.

39
Q

What does a positive Nitrite Reduction test look like?

A

No color change with gas in the Durham tube.

40
Q

What is the purpose of the Phenylalanine Deaminase Agar test?

A

To detect the deamination of phenylalanine to phenylpyruvic acid.

41
Q

How does the Phenylalanine Deaminase Agar test work?

A

Phenylpyruvic acid reacts with ferric chloride to form a green color.

42
Q

What does a positive Phenylalanine Deaminase Agar test look like?

A

A green color

43
Q

What is the purpose of the L-Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase test?

A

To identify group A streptococci and enterococci.

44
Q

How does the L-Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase test work?

A

The PYR enzyme hydrolyzes the substrate to form a red precipitate.

45
Q

What does a positive L-Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase test look like?

A

A red color

46
Q

What is the purpose of the Pyruvate Broth test?

A

To differentiate Enterococcus faecalis from Enterococcus faecium.

47
Q

How does the Pyruvate Broth test work?

A

Pyruvate metabolism lowers the pH, changing bromothymol blue from blue to yellow.

48
Q

What does a positive Pyruvate Broth test look like?

A

A yellow color

49
Q

What is the purpose of the Salt Tolerance test?

A

To differentiate enterococci from non-enterococci.

50
Q

How does the Salt Tolerance test work?

A

Enterococci grow in high salt concentrations, and the medium changes color with acid production.

51
Q

What does a positive Salt Tolerance test look like?

A

Turbidity and/or yellow color

Bacteriology 🦠 (2 decks)

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