Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > 1 - GERD/PUD > Flashcards

1 - GERD/PUD Flashcards

1
Q

The smooth muscle in the LES is innervated by what nerve?

A
  • Vagus nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 hallmark symptoms of GERD?

A
  • Pyrosis (heartburn)

- Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Pyrosis?

A
  • discomfort or burning sensation behind the sternum, that may radiate to the neck (heartburn)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Regurgitation?

A
  • involuntary return of food/fluid into the pharynx without nausea or retching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the first thing you must do when a patient presents with chest pain?

A
  • rule out ACS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 4 conditions have an established association with GERD?

A
  • chronic cough
  • asthma
  • laryngitis
  • dental erosions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic testing for GERD?

A
  • 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What diagnostic test measures the function of the esophageal muscle contractions and esophageal sphincters?

A
  • Esophageal manometry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antacids that contain these 2 minerals can result in constipation.

A
  • Calcium

- Aluminum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antacids that contain this mineral can result in diarrhea.

A
  • Magnesium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of H2 blockers?

A
  • Inhibit the secretion of gastric acid by blocking H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When are H2 blockers best used?

A
  • Prior to meals

- 15-40 mins after meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac) and Famotidine (Pepcid) are examples of what type of antacid?

A
  • H2 blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between H1 and H2 receptors?

A
  • H1 = increase Ca ions for smooth muscle contraction

- H2 = increase cAMP for increase gastric acid secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of PPIs?

A
  • they block H-K ATPase on parietal cells thus decrease acid secretion and gastric volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When are PPIs most effective?

A
  • when taken fasting 15-30 mins before a meal
17
Q

Why do you need to be careful when taking PPIs and Coumadin?

A
  • PPI have interactions with cytochrome P450
18
Q

Side effects of PPIs include these 2 things.

A
  • Headache

- Diarrhea

19
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec) and Pantoprazole (Protonix) are examples of what type of antacid?

A
  • PPI
20
Q

This is described as replacement of normal squamous epithelium with intestinal metaplasia which leads to esophageal carcinoma.

A
  • Barrett Esophagus
21
Q

What are 2 major risk factors for Barrett Esophagus?

A
  • GERD

- H. Pylori

22
Q

Non-erosive acute gastritis is most commonly caused by what infection?

A
  • H. Pylori infection
23
Q

What drugs are a risk factor for gastritis?

A
  • NSAIDs
24
Q

What are the 4 radiological signs of acute gastritis?

A
  • Thick folds
  • Inflammatory nodules
  • Coarse area gastrica
  • Erosions
25
Q

What is the triple-therapy used for H. Pylori infection? (use the one professor said is popular)

A
  • Bismuth subsalicyclate
  • metronidazole
  • tetracycline

BMT!!

26
Q

What is the most common cause of Gastric or Duodenal ulcers?

A
  • H. Pylori infection
27
Q

What type of ulcer do you suspect this patient has?

He complains of epigastric pain shortly after meals. Eating exacerbates his pain so he has began fasting and noticed significant weight loss.

A
  • Gastric ulcer
28
Q

What type of ulcer do you suspect this patient has?

He complains of epigastric pain 2-3 hours after meals. The pain awakens him every night. It is relieved with milk, food, or antacids but recurs 2-4 hours later.

A
  • Duodenal ulcer
29
Q

What is a common sign of ulcers?

A
  • epigastric tenderness
30
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for H. Pylori infection?

A
  • Endoscopy with biopsy
31
Q

What non-endoscopic lab test can be used for diagnosis and confirmation of H. Pylori eradication?

A
  • H. Pylori stool antigen test (HpSA)
32
Q

What breath test is recommended for both screening and confirming cure from H. Pylori infection?

A
  • Urea breath test
33
Q

What is the treatment of choice for an actively bleeding ulcer-both therapeutic and diagnostic?

A
  • Urgent EGD
34
Q

What is the cause of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A
  • gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas stimulates the acid-secreting cells of the stomach
35
Q

An elevated fasting serum gastrin level and a high basal acid output (BAO) should be concerning for what syndrome?

A
  • Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
36
Q

What is the imaging modality of choice for ZES?

A
  • Somatostatin receptor scintography
37
Q

What is the triad of signs concerning for ZES?

A
  • gastric acid hypersecretion
  • peptic ulcers
  • pancreatic tumor

GI (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions