1 - France Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the impact on vineyard area of the EU vine pull scheme between 1970 and early 2010s?

A

Total vineyard area (including vines for table grapes and brandy) down by 1/3

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2
Q

How are almost all vineyards in France planted?

A

High density with trellising - often with replacement cane Guyot and VSP

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3
Q

As of 2017, what % of France’s vineyards are organic?

A

10%

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4
Q

What are the top 10 planted grape varieties in France?

A
  1. Merlot
  2. Ugni Blanc (for brandy)
  3. Grenache Noir
  4. Syrah
  5. Chardonnay
  6. Cab Sav
  7. Cab F
  8. Carignan
  9. Pinot Noir
  10. Sauvignon B
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5
Q

Where is enrichment usually used and why has it been on the declined?

A

Cooler regions - warmer temperatures and better canopy management

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6
Q

Give the key dates in the history of the INAO

A

Founded - 1935
Oversaw creation of AOC - Early-mid c20th
Creation of IGP - 2009
Varietal labelling - 2009

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7
Q

The French system of AOC incorporates which elements of winemaking

A
  1. Geographic Boundaries
  2. Methods of Production (grape varieties, planting density, training systems, max yields, min alcohol, maturation length, earliest sale date)
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8
Q

What important changes to labelling law occured around 2009 (3)

A
  1. Creation of IGP
  2. Varietal Labelling
  3. Non-GI wines can be labelled with variety and vintage
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9
Q

What is the average vineyard holding in France? How does it compare to other countries?

A

10.5ha - much larger than Italy or Spain

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10
Q

What % of production do co-ops account for?

A

40%

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11
Q

Outline trends in French per capita wine consumption

A

Steep and long term decline - consumption 1/2 of level 100 years ago

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12
Q

What size/type of companies account for the largest % of wine sales?

A

Small and med size local or via private labels - high level of fragmentation - 75%

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13
Q

Name the three largest sellers of wine (by volume) in France

A

Castel Frères (12%)
Carrefour France
ITM Enterprises

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14
Q

Describe the levels of exports and import to and from France

A

Exports - significant volume (although lower than Italy or Spain), largest exporter by value (50% higher than Italy, 300% higher than Spain)

Imports - large importer of cheap wine especially from Spain

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