1: Fracture Flashcards
Most affected age range for traumatic fractures
5-14 years (accidents)
Two most commonly fractured bones of the UE with traumatic fractures
Radius and ulna
Type of fracture that most commonly occurs in the lower extremity and affects the tibial shaft and metatarsal bones
Stress/fatigue fracture
Female recruits are at increased risk for ___ and ___ stress fracture
Pelvic and sacral
Risk factors for pelvic stress fracture
Wide pelvis, coxa vara, genu valgum, hormones, nutrition
Occur because of forceful heel strike during prolonged marching or running
Compressive stress fractures
Occur because of muscle pull and can become more serious if displacement occurs.
Distractive stress reactions
Occurs if normal stress is applied to abnormal bone.
▪ Result from a normal stress or force acting on bone that has deficient elastic resistance or has been
weakened by decreased mineralization
Insufficiency fracture
Reduced bone integrity most commonly occurs due to:
▪ The effects of radiation
▪ Postmenopausal osteoporosis
▪ Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis
▪ Other underlying metabolic bone disease (e.g., hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, rickets, and osteodystrophy)
Occurs in bone rendered abnormally fragile by
neoplastic or other disease conditions.
Pathological fracture
The fracture line is at a right angle to the long axis of the bone; usually produced
by shearing force.
Transverse fracture
Occur following a twisting or torsional force fragments displace easily in the
oblique fracture, whereas nonunion rarely occurs in a spiral fracture because ofthe wide area of surface contact.
Oblique or spiral
The bone is broken into more than two fragments and segmental if a fragment of the free bone is present between the main fragments
Comminuted
describes a fracture with multiple fragments at the fracture site and can be associated with different fracture lines
Comminuted
The separation of a wedge-shaped piece of bone
Butterfly
Green stick, Torus (or buckle), and crack or hairline fractures are all types of ___ fractures
Incomplete
____ fractures are more likely to require
surgery to stabilize them.
Unstable
True or false: compressive or shear forces can cause stable fractures to shift, becoming unstable
True
Occurs in the growth centers of children and adolescents, located in the long bones
Epiphyseal fracture
An articular fracture occurs on or near
a ____ and is described by the course
of the fracture line.
Joint
One of the most common
osteoporosis-related fragility fractures; often occurs with only minor trauma
Vertebral compression fracture (VCF)
Only ______ of people who sustain a VCF develop symptoms severe enough to seek medical attention.
20-25%
Bone mass is known to reach its maximum
size and density by reaching age ___ years
30
Men are more likely to experience bone
loss in their mid- to late ___
60s
