1) Food Nutrition and Health Flashcards
What is the main macronutrient provided by bread pasta rice and potatoes?
Carbohydrates
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?
To provide the body with energy
Starch is a type of carbohydrate. Name two foods that are high in starch.
Potatoes bread pasta rice cereals fruit vegetables
State one negative health implication of eating too much sugar.
Obesity. Tooth decay or type 2 diabetes.
Explain what a simple carbohydrate is.
A simple sugar is digested quickly leading to short bursts of energy from spikes in blood sugar
Give an example of a simple carbohydrate.
Honey. Sugar. Fruit.
Explain what a complex carbohydrate is.
Take longer to digest. Provide a gradual increase to blood sugar levels and a steady release of energy.
What is the scientific name for a simple carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
What is the scientific name for a complex carbohydrate?
Polysaccharides
What is the scientific name for a carbohydrate with 2 molecules?
Disaccharides
What is the function of fibre in the diet?
Helps keep the digestive system healthy and prevents constipation
What are the building blocks that make up protein?
Amino acids
Name the building blocks that can not be made by the body
Essential amino acids
How many amino acids are considered ‘essential’?
8
Explain the term ‘Low Biological Value’ protein
A protein that is missing one or more of the essential amino acids
Explain the term ‘High Biological Value’ protein
A protein that contains all of the essential amino acids
Explain the term ‘Protein Complementation’
When two ‘ Low Biological Value’ proteins are eaten together to provide all of the essential amino acids
What is the function of fat in the diet?
Protect vital organs. Acts as insulation for the body. Provides fat-soluable vitamins A D E and K.
Name the fat-soluable vitamins.
A D E and K
Name the risk associated with a deficiency in Vitamin D
Rickets or Osteoporosis. Bones become brittle
Name a health risk associated with a deficiency in Vitamin E
Sight problems and weak muscles
What is the function of salt (sodium) in our diet?
Controls the bodies water content and helps nerves and muscles function.
Give an example of a health problem from having too much salt in our diet
High blood pressure. Heart disease. Stroke.
What is the function of Iron in the body?
Forms haemoglobin / red blood cells.
Identify one health risk of not having enough iron in the diet
Anaemia
Why is iron particularly important for teenage girls?
Menstruation
Give an example of a food that is high in iron
Spinach. Broccoli. Red Meat.
Why does teenagers need a higher amount of protein?
To help with growth spurts and muscle development.
Why is it important to eat Vitamin C alongside Iron
Vitamin C helps absorb iron
What does CHD stand for?
Coronary Heart Disease
Give two risk factors of Coronary Heart Disease
High blood pressure. Lack of exercise. Smoking. Eating lots of unsaturated fats.
Identify a health problem associated with a high consumption of fat.
Weight gain. CHD. Heart Attacks. Angina.
What does BMR stand for?
Basal Metabolic Rate
