1. Female annual exam Flashcards
A patient has an increased risk of breast cancer if a first-degree relative has had breast cancer.
a second degree relative does not confer risk
When doing a breast exam, have the patient sit on the exam table and ask to lower gown to waist, then look for…
symmetry in shape and assess skin changes, including any erythema, retractions, dimpling, or nipple changes
(Ask the patient to lift her hands overhead to accentuate any retraction or dimpling)
which lymph nodes should you palpate during breast exam?
Axillary and supraclavicular
When performing the external inspection and palpation portion of the pelvic exam, look for…
Look for any redness, swelling, lesions or masses. Inspect the labia, the folds between them, and the clitoris, paying attention to any redness, swelling, lesions, or discharge. Gently palpate the labia majora and minora.
When performing the peculum exam, use a warm and lubricated speculum for the examination.
Lubricate with water but check the current protocols for where you are working.
Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines
At 21 years of age – cervical cancer screening should begin.
Between the ages of 21-29 years -- screening should be performed every three years. Between the ages of 30-65 years -- screening can be done every three years with cytology alone, or every five years if co-tested for HPV.
certain risk groups need to have more frequent screening for cervical cancer…
women with compromised immunity, are HIV positive, have a history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, 3 or cancer, or have been exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero
Women older than 65 years who have had adequate screening within the last ten years may choose to stop cervical cancer screening
…
Recommendations for Breast Cancer Screening Mammography
American Cancer Society
Yearly mammograms starting at age 40 and continuing for as long as a woman is in good health
US Preventive Services Task Force
Biennial screening mammography for women aged 50-74 years
estrogen offers some protection against…
heart disease and osteoporosis
For bone health, it is recommended that premenopausal women need approximately 1000 mg of calcium daily while postmenopausal women need 1500 mg of calcium daily.
…
Recommendations for Osteoporosis Screening
For women > 65 years old, screening with DEXA scan
For women
True or False
Obese individuals are at high risk for osteoporosis
False.
Obesity is associated with high estrogen levels and can be protective. They are at higher risk however for osteoarthritis.
Mammography can help find cancer one or two years before breast cancer may be felt by breast self exam.
…
HPV serotypes
6, 11 - warts
16, 18 - most cervical cancers
