1 - External Examination (Exam 1)

Question 1

What are 4 things to examine for the lids and lashes?

Answer 1

1. Relative position of eyelids (ptosis present?)
2. Apposition of lids on globe (ectropion/entropion?)
3. Appearance of lashes (trichiasis/blepharitis?)
4. Signs of inflammatory disease (redness/swelling?)

Question 2

What is ectropion?

Answer 2

Lid everted away from the globe

Question 3

What is entropion?

Answer 3

Lid inverted toward the globe

Question 4

What is trichiasis?

Answer 4

Lashes turned inward causing irritation to the globe

Question 5

How does blepharitis present in the eyelashes?

Answer 5

Scaly/flaky depositions in the lashes

Question 6

What is the term for redness present in the bulbar conjunctiva?

Answer 6

Injection

Question 7

What are 3 classifications of injection?

Answer 7

1. Diffuse
2. Sectored
3. Localized

Question 8

How is the superior palpebral conjunctiva assessed?

Answer 8

Via lid eversion

Question 9

What do follicles represent in the palpebral conjunctiva and what are they often caused by?

Answer 9

Focal hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue

Common reaction to viral infections

Question 10

What do papillae in the palpebral conjunctiva represent and what are they often caused by?

Answer 10

Infiltrations of inflammatory cells

Common reaction to bacterial disease and allergies

Question 11

How do follicles and papillae differ in appearance?

Answer 11

Follicles are white, milky and translucent

Papillae are red

Question 12

What is hyphema?

Answer 12

Presence of blood in the anterior chamber

Question 13

What is hypopyon?

Answer 13

Presence of exudative material in the anterior chamber

Question 14

What are 2 types of abnormal pigmentation in the iris?

Answer 14

1. Pigment hyperplasia/hypertrophy

2. Hypopigmentation

Question 15

What is the expected range of exophthalmometry readings for Caucasians, Asians, and Hispanics

Answer 15

12 to 20 mm

Question 16

What is the expected range of exophthalmometry readings for African Americans?

Answer 16

12 to 24 mm

Question 17

What can accompany swelling of the pre-auricular lymph nodes?

Answer 17

Severe bacterial infections of the eyelids

Question 18

What type of gland is blocked by an external hordeolum?

Answer 18

Sweat gland

Question 19

What type of gland is blocked by an internal hordeolum?

Answer 19

Meibomian gland

Question 20

What is the difference between a hordeolum and a chalazion?

Answer 20

Hordeolum is infected

Chalazion is just a blockage

Question 21

Which type of exophthalmometer requires a biocular measurement?

Answer 21

Hertel

Question 22

Which type of exophthalmometer is a glass bar that is used monocularly?

Answer 22

Luedde