1. Eukaryotic cells and organelles

Question 1

eukaryotic cells are

Answer 1

complex

all animal, plant, algae and fungi cells

Question 2

prokaryotic cells are

Answer 2

smaller
simpler
e.g. bacteria

Question 3

plant cells extras

Answer 3

cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata (channels)
vacuole (compartment containing cell sap)
chloroplasts

Question 4

key difference between plant cells and fungal cells

Answer 4

fungal cell walls chitin not cellulose 
no chloroplasts (don't photosynthesise)

Question 5

cell-surface membrane

function

Answer 5

regulates movement of substance into and out of cell. receptor molecules - responds to chemicals like hormones

Question 6

nucleus

function

Answer 6

1. controls cells activities (control’s transcription)
2. DNA contains instructions to make proteins
3. pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm.
4. nucleolus makes ribosomes

Question 7

mitochondrian

function

Answer 7

1. aerobic respiration
2. ATP produced.
3. found in large numbers in cells that are active and require a lot of energy

Question 8

chloroplast

function

Answer 8

photosynthesis takes place

Question 9

Golgi apparatus (vesicles often found on edges)
 function

Answer 9

1. processes and packages new lipids and proteins

2. makes lysosomes

Question 10

Golgi vesicle (produced by golgi)
function

Answer 10

1. stores lipids and proteins made by golgi apparatus

2. transports them out of the cell via cell surface membrane

Question 11

Lysosome (type of golgi vesicle)

function

Answer 11

1. contains digestive enzymes called lysozomes.

2. can be used to digest invading cells or break down worn out components of a cell

Question 12

Ribosome (sometimes attached to RER)

1. description
2. function

Answer 12

1. made up of proteins and RNA

2. proteins made

Question 13

Rough endoplasmic reticulum RER
1 description
2. function

Answer 13

1. surface covered in ribosomes

2. folds / processes proteins made at ribosomes

Question 14

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum SER

1. description
2. function

Answer 14

1. similar to RER but no ribosomes

2. synthesises and processes lipids

Question 15

Cell wall

1. description
2. function

Answer 15

1. rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants algae and fungi. plants and algae made of cellulose. fungi made of chitin
2. supports cells and prevents them changing shape

Question 16

cell vacuole

1. description
2. function

Answer 16

1. contains cell sap (weak solution of sugar and salts)

2. helps maintain pressure inside cell and keeps cell rigid.

Question 17

specialised cells are grouped together to form

Answer 17

tissues (group of cells working together to perform a particular function)
different tissues work together to form organs and different organs make up an organ system e.g. digestive system