1 Eukaryotic cells and organelles Flashcards
what are the different types of eukaryotic cells?
Animal, Fungal, Plant and Agal cells.
what is usually found in an animal cell?
Cell surface (plasma) membrane, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, nucleolus, nucleus, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Lysosome, Ribosome, Nuclear Envelope, Golgi apparatus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondrion.
what extra organelles are found in a plant cell?
- Cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata ( ‘channels’ for exchanging substances between adjacent cells).
- A vacuole (fluid-like compartment.)
- Chloroplasts (the organelles invalid in photosynthesis.
what is the function of Algae?
- Algae carry out photosynthesis, like plants, but unlike plants they can be unicellular (chlorella) or multicellular (seaweed).
how does Algal cells differ from plant cells?
- their chloroplasts are different shapes and sizes to plant chloroplasts. (e.g some agal cells have. one large chloroplast rather than lots of small ones)
what are examples of specialised cells?
- epithelial cellared blood cells and sperm cells.
How has epithelial cells in the small intestine adapted to its surroundings?
-They have adapted to absorb food efficiently.
- The walls of the small intestine has lots of finger- like projections called villi. (they increase the surface area for absorption)
- The epithelial cells on the surface of the villi have folds in their cell- surface called microvilli.(increases surface area further)
- They have lots of mitochondria to provide energy for the transport of digested food molecules into the cell.
How has Red Blood Cells adapted to its surroundings?
- They have adapted to carry oxygen around the body. They have no nucleus to make room for more oxygen-carrying compound haemoglobin.
How has sperm cells adapted to its surroundings?
-They contain a lot of mitochondria to provide the large amounts of energy they need to propel themselves towards an egg.
