1- Economic Downturn & Recovery Flashcards
How many people unemployed by 1932?
13 million
How many unemployed by the end of 1929
2.5 million
What % black people unemployed by 1933
50%
What was the % of white people unemployed in 1933
20%
What were Hoovervilles
The neighbourhoods and homes set up by people who had lost their homes from being unemployed
What caused how many farmers to do what?
A drought in 1931 and poor farming exhausted the soil and caused for it to turn to dust.
More than 1 million farmers moved to work in the fruit growing areas of the west coast. Farmers in the west were happy to employ them as they worked for low wages but locals resented them for stealing jobs.
By 1932 what % of the population received no income?
25%
In 1932, who marched to Washington DC asking for what?
Bonus marchers (veterans) asking for an early payment for their bonus.
What was hoovers reaction to the bonus marchers?
He refused but 5000 remained. They were labelled communists and the army was called in. This reinforced the idea that hoover didn’t care.
What republican policies did hoover stick to and what did they mean?
Rugged individualism & Laissez-Faire- individuals responsible for their own lives with no help.
What were hoover’s early policies?
Cutting taxes by 130 million,
New construction and repair to roads and dams,
Agricultural Marketing Act 1930- gov lend farmers money to fix prices and ensure they profit.
What was hoover’s emergency relief act?
30p million to state gods to help unemployed
Which election did Roosevelt win and with how many states
1932 election, won 42 of 48 states.
What was Roosevelt’s New Deal
Relief for those affected by the depression,
Recovery from economic effects of depression,
Reform to make sure this couldn’t happen again.
What were fireside chats?
Radio broadcasts from FDR to the nation to reassure them and increase optimism
What was the Agricultural Adjustment Agency(AAA)
Paid farmers to produce less, this meant that prices rose so farmers could recover.
What was the Emergency Banking Act
Prevented banks from investing stocks with savings deposits as too unpredictable
What was the Public Works Association
3.3 billion spent on large scale public works
Why did people criticise FDR and his new deal?
11.3 million unemployed by end of 1934
What year was the 2nd new deal?
1935
What was the Wagner act
Protect workers rights
What was the Social security act
Gov accepted responsibility for meeting basic needs,
Pension benefits,
Unemployment benefits funded by tax on employers payroll.
How was the new deal successful?
Restored faith in gov,
Stabilised the US banking system,
How was the new deal unsuccessful?
Only short-term solutions,
Roosevelt did little to end segregation,
Alphabet agencies only provided short-term jobs.
Who opposed the new deal and why
Huey long- Roosevelt failed to share nations wealth “share our wealth”
Republicans(represent interests of rich + large businesses)- Roosevelt doing too much to help people and changing govs role.
What year was Us vs Butler and what did it do
1936, AAA illegal as giving help to farmers was a matter for each state.
When was the sick chickens case and what was it
1935, 4 brothers signed to the NRA(ensured fair prices, wages and competition). They were taken to court for selling diseased chickens but the Supreme Court decided that it was illegal as it gave the fed gov powers to interfere in state affairs.
