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DL QUIZLET CARDS > 1 DL QUIZLET CARDS > Flashcards

1 DL QUIZLET CARDS Flashcards

1
Q

FOUR FORCES

A

Four Forces

Lift, Weight, Thrust, and Drag

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2
Q

DIFFERENCES IN TYPES OF FOG

A

Describe the different types of fog
Radiation Fog: Results when cooling of earth’s surface reduce air near the ground to its dew point on clear, calm nights
Steam Fog: Formed when cold air moves over relatively warm water or ground
Advection Fog: Formed when warm, humid air flows over cool ground water
Upslope Fog: Formed when humid air flows uphill and is adiabatically cooled to its dew point
Ice Fog: Composed of minute suspended particles of ice. Usually occurs at very low temps
Precipitation Fog: Forms when precip falls into cold air

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3
Q

TCAS

A

What is TCAS?
Traffic Collision Avoidance System
TCAS I: Provided advisories only
TCAS II: Provides advisories and altitude resolutions

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4
Q

One hour from your destination a warm front passes through. It has begun raining and visibility is barely
above mins. What can you expect the weather to be at your arrival time?

A

You can expect worse wx (Warm front=decreasing vis/showery precip, Cold front=improving vis)

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5
Q

If you are landing behind a heavy jet with minimum spacing on rwy 18 (12000ft long) with winds 090/6, what is the most appropriate action?

A

Land beyond his touch down point

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6
Q

When do engine compressor stalls usually occur?

A

High AOA and high power settings

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7
Q

If the temperature is 58 F and the dew point is 55 F, what could happen?

A

If the temperature falls fog may form

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8
Q

Cruising along you experience a total AC failure but you are able to get one generator back on line. How
do you know how much power the generator is creating?

A

The kilowatts meter

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9
Q

On takeoff, ATC instructs you to turn immediately to a designated heading, when do you turn (AIM 4-4-9)?

A

The term immediately in a clearance or instruction implies urgency of an imminent situation and expeditious compliance by the pilot is expected and necessary for safety

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10
Q

If you are shooting an approach to a narrow runway, what is a common tendency?

A

Flare late due to image that you are higher than normal

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11
Q

What are the differences between Visual and Contact Approach?(AIM 5-4-20)

A

Visual Approach
Conducted on an IFR clearance
Reported wx at airport must be greater than 1000-3
Must have preceding aircraft or airport in sight
Contact Approach
Pilot must request contact approach
Must be able to operate with 1 mile vis and clear of clouds
Airport must have a standard or special instrument approach

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12
Q

With a Pt2 probe iced over, what indications will you get?

A

A falsely high EPR

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13
Q

How is engine oil cooled on most jets?

A

Fuel heat transfer

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14
Q

How does turbulence effect stall speed?

A

Increases stall speed due to an increase in load factor

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15
Q

Describe the difference between a slip and a skid

A

Slip: Turn without enough rudder
Skid: Turn with too much rudder

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16
Q

What are the mins for ILS Cat I, Cat II, and Cat III? (AIM 1-1-9)

A

Cat I: DH of 200 ft and RVR of 2400 (1800 w/ TDZ lighting and centerline lighting)
Cat II: DH of 100 ft and RVR of 1200
Cat IIIa: No DH or DH less than 100 ft and RVR not less than 700

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17
Q

What does a decrease in air density cause?

A

Decrease in air density yields a decrease in drag and lift due to less air particles in the body of air

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18
Q

What is the higher TAS?

(a) 250 KCAS @ FL370 & -40 C
(b) 260 KCAS @ FL300 & -30C
(c) 350 KTAS @ 10000’
(d) 350 KTAS at FL200 & -20C?

A

(a) 250+(.0237)250= 435 KTAS
(b) 260+(.0230)260=416 KTAS
Therefore 435 KTAS is the highest

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19
Q

Your DME is inoperative. You turn 90 degrees to the station and time for 1 min. The needle falls from degrees above to 5 degrees below (10 radials). If you are going 480 KTAS, what is your distance from the
station?

A

480 KTAS= 8 NM/min so you have traveled 8 NM

8 NM/10 radials* 60= 48 DME from the station

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20
Q

You are 90 DME at FL 300 inbound to the VOR. You are requested to cross the station at 3000 ft. If you are at .6 Mach, when do you start down and what is your pitch change?

A 
Gradient = (300-30)/90= 3
VVI= 3(6 NM/min100)= 1800 fpm
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21
Q

One aircraft departs ATL at .7 Mach, a second aircraft departs ATL 30 minutes later at .8 Mach. When will the second plane catch the first?

A

In 30 minutes, the first plane travels 210 NM

If the second plane is flying 1 NM/min faster than the first, it will require 210 minutes to catch it

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22
Q

Holding NE of 020R at 40 DME fix, 20 DME legs, at out bound turn, what should the tail of the bearing pointer read (no wind at 6000 ft)?

A

??

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23
Q

If you are at FL 370 descending to FL 200 at 2500 fpm, how long will it take?

A

(37000-20000)* x min/2500 ft

17000/2500= 6.8 minutes

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24
Q

At FL260 and 40 DME you are requested to be at 6000 ft at 20 DME, what pitch change is needed?

A

Descent Gradient= (260-60)/(40-20)= 200/20= 10 degrees pitch

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25
Q

At .6M, what is the VVI for a 1 degree descent?

A

.6 Mach = 6 NM/min

1 degree = 6 NM/min*100= 600 fpm

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26
Q

Inbound to the VOR heading 180 at 300 KTAS. You want to intercept the 20 DME arc. What is your lead
point?

A

TR= (NM/min)-2 =(300/60)-2= 3

Lead point = 20 +3= 23 DME

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27
Q

What is radius of turn a function of?

A

Velocity and load factor
This would limit maximum turn rate or minimum turn radius, however, the actual performance would still be determined using only airspeed and angle of bank.

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28
Q

Established on the 20 DME arc, you want to turn onto the 120R. Your TAS is 300 KTAS, what is your
lead point?

A 
Lead point = 60/DME * TR
TR= (NM/min)-2
(60/20)[(300/60)-2]= (33)= 9 degrees
Lead point = 120+9= 129 degrees
I DID IT
300/60 = .5MPM - 2 = 3
20DME = 3 RADIALS (60=1 30=2 20=3 REMEMBER)
3 X 3 = 9
120 + 9 = 129
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29
Q

On the 10 DME arc you need a 2 NM lead point, how many radials is that?

A 
= 12 RADIALS
At 10 DME there are 6 radials/NM therefore 12 radials
I DID IT 
REMEMBER 
10DME = 6 RADIALS
20DME = 3 RADIAL
60DME = 1 RADIAL 
SO 6 RADIALS X 2NM LEAD = 12
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30
Q

AT 20 DME, how many radial are there per NM?

At 60 DME,

A

20 DME there is 3 radials/NM

1 radial/NM therefore at

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31
Q

At FL270 and .75M and 25 DME, what descent gradient and VVI is needed to be at 12,000 ft over the VOR?

A

Descent Gradient= (270-120)/25NM= 150/25= 6
.75 Mach= 7.5 NM/min
Therefore: VVI= 6(7.5100)= 4500 fpm

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32
Q

MOCA

A

Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude: IFR obstruction clearance altitude that provides 1000’ obstacle clearance (2000’ in mountains) w/in 4 NM of route segment but navaid reception only w/in 22 NM of VOR

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33
Q

MEA

A

Define MEA,
Minimum Enroute Altitude: IFR obstruction clearance altitude that provides 1000’ obstacle clearance (2000’ in mountains) w/in 4 NM of route segment and navaid reception along the
entire route
NO COMM GUARANTEED

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34
Q

MVA

A

Minimum Vectoring Altitude: Established for use by ATC when radar is exercised. Provides 1000’ obstacle clearance (2000’ in mountains) w/in 3 NM of the obstruction in the sector
ONLY 3

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35
Q

MSA

A

Define MSA,
Minimum Safe/Sector Altitude: Published on IAPs based on primary omnidirectional facility for approach. Expressed in feet above msl and normally have a 25NM radius (may be expanded to 30 NM). May be sectored into as many as four quadrants no less than 90 degrees in spread. MSA provides 1000 ft obstacle clearance over all obstructions but may not assure navaid reception.
DOESN’T SAY ANYTHING ABOUT 2,000 IN MTN.

36
Q

VISUAL APPROACH

CONTACT APPROACH

A

What are the differences between Visual and Contact Approach?(AIM 5-4-20)
Visual Approach
Conducted on an IFR clearance
Reported wx at airport must be greater than 1000-3
Must have preceding aircraft or airport in sight

Contact Approach
Pilot must request contact approach
Must be able to operate with 1 mile vis and clear of clouds
Airport must have a standard or special instrument approach
THAT IS WHY WE DON’T DO THEM

37
Q

CLEARED APPROACH

A

What does Cleared the Approach mean?(AIM 5-4-7)
Indicates that the pilot may execute any one of the authorized IAPs for that airport. This does not constitute approval to execute a contact or visual approach

38
Q

WHEN DO YOU NOT DO A PROCEDURE TURN.

A 
When do you not do a Procedure Turn?(AIM 5-4-8)
Flying a straight-in (NoPT routing)
Radar Vectoring
Conducting a timed approach
Holding pattern in lieu of PT
PT not authorized
39
Q

WHEN IS ALTERNATE REQUIRED?

DOMESTICE

FLAG OPERATIONS

A

When is an alternate required? (FAR 121.619-121.621)
Domestic Operations no alternate is required if:
+/- 1 hr eta destination wx is better than 2000ft and 3 miles vis

Flag Operations no alternate required (no more than 6 hr flight) if:
+/- 1 hr eta destination wx is
at least 1500 above circling mda if circling approach is to be used
at least 1500 ft above lowest suitable mins or 2000 ft (which ever is greater and at least 2 miles vis
above lowest suitable mins or 3 miles vis (which ever is greater)

40
Q

FUEL REQUIREMENTS

DOMESTIC

FLAG

A

What are the fuel requirements for Flag and Domestic ops?
Domestic: No person may dispatch an airplane unless there is sufficient fuel to fly to
Destination
Most distant alternate
45 minutes at normal cruise

Flag: No person may dispatch an airplane unless there is sufficient fuel to fly to
Destination
Ten percent of the cruise time
Most distant alternate
30 minutes holding at 1500 ft above alternate airport

41
Q

T/O ALTERNATE

A

What qualifies as a departure alternate?(FAR 121.617)
Aircraft having 2 engines: Not more than one hour away with one engine inoperative at normal cruise in still air
Aircraft having 3 or more engines: Not more than two hours away with one engine
inoperative at normal cruise in still air

42
Q

STANDARD T/O MIN?

A

What are the standard takeoff minimums? (FAR 91.175)
Unless authorized by the administrator, no pilot operating under Parts 121, 125, 127, 129, or 135 may depart an airfield when the wx is less than the IFR departure mins for that airfield as prescribed under Part 97.
In the absence of any departure mins then:
For aircraft with two engines or less- 1 sm visibility
For aircraft with three or more engines- 1/2 sm visibility

43
Q

WHEN CAN YOU DESCEND BELOW MDA/DH

A

When can you descend below MDA/DH? (FAR 121.651)
Visibility equal to or greater than mins for the approach
Aircraft continuously in position to land at normal rate of descent within the touchdown zone
Runway environment in sight
Approach light system (**May not descend below 100 ft above TDZE using ALS unless red terminating bars or red side row bars are visible and identifiable)
Threshold, Threshold Markings, Threshold Lights
Runway End Identifier Lights (REILs)
Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASIs)
Touchdown Zone, Touchdown Markings, Touchdown Zone Lights
Runway, Runway Markings, Runway Lights

44
Q

What is a mountain wave and where would you encounter it?(AIM 7-5-3)

A

aks
Mountain wave occurs when air is blown over a mountain range or ridge of a sharp bluff.
Generally requires winds of 30 knots or greater but may occur with winds as little as 15 knots.
Creates strong updrafts/downdrafts on lee side which cause turbulence potentially to 700 miles
downrange.
May form lenticular clouds over peaks

45
Q

On a 3 degree glide slope with 700 fpm descent, headwinds increase, what would you do?

A

Reduce rate of descent and add power

46
Q

What would cause an airplane to hydroplane the most?

A

Underinflated tires (low tire pressure)

47
Q

What factors would you consider in respect to hydroplaning?

A

Tire pressure, aircraft weight, type of touch down, and depth of standing water

48
Q

Describe the three types of Hydroplaning:

A

DYNAMIC: Tire rolls through water and creates a bow wave. The tires roll up on the bow wave and loses contact with the runway. This will occur at speeds greater than 9 times the square root of the tire pressure
VISCOUS: Thin film develops on top of smooth painted or rubber coated surfaces. This will occur at speed lower than dynamic hydroplaning
REVERTED RUBBER: Occurs when a locked wheel skids and heats up the water trapped between it and the runway due to friction. Tire will then ride along on a pocket of steam.

49
Q

What airspeed is flown after flying an approach, missed approach, and climb out?

A

L/D max or max range

50
Q

What airspeed is maintained during a divert?

A

Normal cruise speed

51
Q

If you are on an ILS approach, how do you calculate your descent rate?
Multiply airspeed by 5: 150 KIAS= 750 VVI

A

If you are on an ILS approach, how do you calculate your descent rate?
Multiply airspeed by 5: 150 KIAS= 750 VVI

52
Q

How do you convert Mach number to TAS?

A

Mach number is miles per minute. Multiply Mach by 6 to give you TAS. Add/Subtract HW/TW to give you GS
Example: Mach .7 with a 50 knot TW, what is you GS? TAS=420 so GS=470

53
Q

How do you compute your descent point given an altitude to start and a DME to complete descent?
Apply 3*altitude to lose+DME= DME to start descent

A

Example: You are at FL 390 and must descend to 20,000 by 45 DME, where do you start
descent? (39-20)*3+45= 57+45= 102 DME

54
Q

How do you compute VDP?

A

Timing: (FAF to MAP)-(HAT*10%)
Distance: HAT/300

55
Q

What conditions cause the worse icing?

A

Temps between 0 and -15 degrees C

Areas of freezing rain

56
Q

At standard sea level conditions, what is pressure and temp?

A

1013.2 millibars or 29.92 inches of Hg

15 degrees C or 59 degrees F

57
Q

What shows up better on radar, snow, hail, sleet, or rain?

A

Rain

58
Q

Radar depiction problems:

1 degree of radar at 1 NM = 100 ft of elevation

A

Example: You are flying at 20,000 ft with a thunderstorm 20 NM in front of you. The radar
look up angle is 5 degrees, how high is the storm? (510020)+20,000=30,000’

59
Q

What is the best way to determine if you have a frontal passage?

A

Shift in the winds (cold front passage winds shift from SW to NW and a warm front passage winds shift from SE to SW)

60
Q

What are the dynamics of a Low Pressure System?

A

Unstable air, cyclonic (counter clockwise) air flow

61
Q

In the event that you encounter wind shear, what do you do?

A

Apply maximum power, increase pitch angle to the stick shaker, and hold until the wind shear is dissipated

62
Q

You are headed 120 magnetic on a track of 090 and there is a thunderstorm on your nose. Which way do you go?
You are crabbing to the right so the winds are out of the south.

A

You want to pass the

thunderstorm on the upwind side so you deviate to the south

63
Q

How would you attempt to deviate around a thunderstorm?

A

Pass it by at least 20 NM on the upwind side

You may go over it by 1000’ for every 10 knots of wind at the top

64
Q

What is the standard temperature lapse rate?

A

3.5 degrees F/1000’ or 2 degrees C/1000’

65
Q

What is mach tuck?

A

As an aircraft approaches the speed of sound its wing center of pressure moves aft. As it moves aft, it creates a pitch down moment which there by increases airspeed and worsens situation

66
Q

What is an advantage/disadvantage of a swept wing aircraft?

A

Advantage: Increased Mcrit
Disadvantage: Dutch roll tendency

67
Q

What is the purpose of a vortex generator?

A

They delay boundary layer separation and prevent shock waves from forming over flight surfaces as airspeeds approach Mcrit

68
Q

What two factors effect lift in a turn?

Airspeed and AOA

A

What two factors effect lift in a turn?

Airspeed and AOA

69
Q

How is an aircraft effected when loaded to its aft CG?

A 
Stalls at a lower IAS
Cruises faster
Increase in Vmc (due to decreased moment arm from rudder)
Increased range
Unstable along longitudinal axis
70
Q

What effects stall speed?

A

IAS at which a stall occurs is effected by weight, load factor, and altitude
AOA remains the same
An increase in altitude (above 20K) will cause an increase in IAS due to compressibility and viscosity but it is negligible
TAS at which a stall occurs increase with altitude and temp
Accumulation of ice or frost and turbulence will increase stall speed

71
Q

How does density altitude increase takeoff roll? (Compare Denver to Atlanta)

A

IAS remains the same
Increase in density altitude increases TAS which increases GS for takeoff speed
Decrease in engine thrust
A 1000 foot increase in density altitude increases take off roll by 7%

72
Q

What effects landing distance more, weight or speed?

A

Aircraft speed has a greater effect on landing distance (a 10% increase in speed causes a 21% increase in landing distance where as a 2% increase in weight increases landing distance by 2%)

73
Q

What is the relationship between AOA and TAS as altitude increases?

A

As altitude increases, TAS increases for a given IAS and AOA

TAS increases with an increase in altitude and increase in temp

74
Q

What happens when you pull the fire handle?

A

Cuts off fuel by closing firewall fuel shutoff valve
Cuts off hydraulic fluid to any engine driven pumps
Closes any bleed air valves
Deactivates electrical generator on that engine
Arms the fire extinguisher

75
Q

How are batteries effected when connected in series and parallel?

A

Series: Adds voltage but not amperage
Parallel: Adds amperage but not voltage

76
Q

Where does the fire bottle spray the agent in the event of engine fire?

A

In the engine bay or compartment, not in the combustion section

77
Q

When must you advise ATC when making speed adjustments?

A

10 KIAS or 5% of TAS whichever is greater

78
Q

What factors effect V1 (Takeoff decision speed)?

A

Gross weight (increase in GW causes increase in V1)
Flap setting
Density Altitude (requires higher TAS)
Temperature (Hotter temps increases TAS)
Contamination (Slush or snow on runway will decrease V1)

79
Q

Define V1, Vr, V2, and Vref: (FAR 1)

A

V1 Take off Decision Speed: The speed during takeoff which you can accelerate, experience a failure of the critical engine, and either continue the takeoff or come to a stop in the remaining runway and stopway
Vr Rotation Speed: Indicated airspeed at which the aircraft is rotated to its takeoff attitude with or without an engine failure
V2 Take off Safety Speed: Speed that ensures that the airplane can maintain acceptable climb gradient with the critical engine inop
Vref Reference Speed: Normally 1.3 Vso

80
Q

Airspeed
True Airspeed: (TAS) TAS=Equivalent
Airspeed(EAS)
Ground Speed: Aircraft’s

A

actual speed of aircraft through the air.
corrected for density altitude
TAS +/- headwind/tailwind

81
Q

Mach Number

A

Ratio of True Air Speed (TAS) to the speed of sound

As temp increases, the speed of sound increases

82
Q

Subsonic:

A

0.5 Mach

83
Q

Critical Mach: Mcrit

A

Point in which airflow over the wing first reaches, but does not exceed the speed of sound

84
Q

Two types of Drag

A

Parasite Drag: Resistance of the air to the aircraft’s movement through it. Parasite drag increases with the square of its speed

Induced Drag: Byproduct of lift and is proportional to the angle of attack of the wing

85
Q

What is the region of reverse command?

A

Area to the left of L/D max where a decrease in airspeed requires an increase in power tooffset the large increase in induced drag

86
Q

AOA

A

Angle of Attack

Angle between relative wind and the chord line

DL QUIZLET CARDS (5 decks)

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