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ICT > 1 Digital devices > Flashcards

1 Digital devices Flashcards

1
Q

Define mainframe computer

A

Large, powerful computer that can do a lot of jobs quickly

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2
Q

Define microprocessor

A

Device that controls what a computer does - takes data as input and provides output

E.g. in washing machines

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3
Q

Define peripheral

A

Equipment that is connected to a computer and used with it

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4
Q

State the advantages of desktop computers

A
  1. More space for components than laptops
  2. Provide users with the option to upgrade them or add additional components
  3. Less expensive to upgrade
  4. Monitors can come in many sizes
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5
Q

State the advantages of desktop computers

A
  1. More space for components than laptops
  2. Provide users with the option to upgrade them or add additional components
  3. Less expensive to upgrade
  4. Monitors can come in many sizes
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6
Q

State the disadvantages of desktop computers

A
  1. Require peripheral devices - monitor, mouse, keyboard
  2. Not portable - has to be connected to mains supply
  3. Takes up more space
  4. Loose cables - untidy and trip hazard
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7
Q

State the advantages of laptops

A
  1. Portable - has keyboard, screen, trackpad
  2. No need for peripherals - cheaper
  3. No loose cables - tidy and no trip hazard
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8
Q

State the disadvantages of laptops

A
  1. Limited battery life
  2. More expensive to repair and upgrade
  3. Can be stolen or lost more easily
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9
Q

What is a mobile phone SIM card used for?

A

To connect to a mobile phone network

To identify the subscriber to a mobile phone network

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10
Q

Define smartphone

A

Small computers with Wi-Fi and mobile phone connectivity to allow them to make phone calls and access the internet

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11
Q

Define Wi-Fi

A

A way of connecting computers or other electronics to a network or the internet by using radio signals rather than wires

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12
Q

Define application

A

A program that allows a user to perform a task

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13
Q

State the advantages of smartphones

A
  1. Multi-functional

2. Easy internet access

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14
Q

State the disadvantages of smartphones

A
  1. Shorter battery life - combine many features so use more power
  2. More expensive than other mobile phones
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15
Q

What effects do high and low frame rates produce?

A

High frame rates produce smooth results

Low frame rates produce results that appear to stutter or jump

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16
Q

Define resolution

A

The number of pixels used by a screen to display an image

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17
Q

What is the difference between smart TVs and normal ones?

A

Smart TVs use apps and can download and stream content from the internet

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18
Q

What do sound systems produce?

A

Loud, rich sound using high-quality speakers and amplifiers

electronic device that increases the voltage, current, or power of a signal

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19
Q

Define Blutooth

A

Wireless connectivity that allows devices to connect over short distances

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20
Q

Define personal video recorder

A

Device that records broadcasted content so that it can be watched at a later date

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21
Q

What are Blu-ray and DVD players used for?

A

To connect to TVs to play films and other content that is stored on DVD or Blu-ray disks

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22
Q

What is the advantages of Blu-ray players rather than DVD players

A

Blu-ray players will usually play DVD disks, but DVD players will not play Blu-ray disks

Blu-ray disks can store HD movies - higher quality pictures and sound

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23
Q

What do game consoles do?

A

Enable users to play video games on a television screen

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24
Q

What are the disadvantages of handheld consoles?

A

Less storage
Reduced image and sound quality
Reduced game complexity and limited storylines - reduces amount of data

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25
Q

What are media players?

A

Provide video and audio content to a television (e.g. Apple TV)

Wired and wirelessly
Can be controlled using a remote or smartphone app

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26
Q

What are the advantages of media players?

A

Compact, portable with local storage to hold files
Long battery life
Often use solid state flash memory - not affected by being moved or shaken

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27
Q

Define flash memory

A

Form of storage that stores data as electrical charges held in tiny electrical cells

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28
Q

Explain how navigation aids work

A
  1. Use information from GPS satellites to determine exact location of device on Earth
  2. Use orientation sensors to know which way the device is pointing, and this is displayed on a map
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29
Q

Define GPS

A

The global positioning system that uses radio signals from satellites to show your exact position on the Earth

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30
Q

Define multifunctional device

A

A device that can perform many functions

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31
Q

Define connectivity

A

Device’s ability to connect to networks and other devices

32
Q

Define portability

A

How easy it is to carry a device around

33
Q

Define performance

A

How fast of slow a device completes its tasks

34
Q

Define storage

A

What is used to store files and programs

35
Q

Define user interface

A

What a user will use to give commands to the device

36
Q

Define command-line interface

A

User needs to type in command and will receive feedback on this

37
Q

Define menu-driven interface

A

Where the interface is displayed as a list of options

38
Q

Define graphical user interface

A

Controlled by a pointer on the screen that can select menus, windows and icons

39
Q

Define voice interface

A

Users can give spoken commands

40
Q

Define gesture interface

A

Typically seen on devices with a touchscreen - users can control the device by swiping or pinching fingers across screen

41
Q

Define media support

A

Devices are able to read and write data from different types of media, e.g. SD card

42
Q

Define energy consumption

A

The rate of power a device uses

43
Q

Define software security

A

Used to prevent unautorised access to data

44
Q

Define security

A

How protected your device is from potential threats

45
Q

Define physical security

A

Method of preventing theft of a digital device

46
Q

What do scanners do?

A

Use light sensors to record physical documents and save them as files to the computer

47
Q

What is the difference between OCR and OMR?

A

OCR (optical character recognition) reads characters on the documents and stores the result as a text file

OMR (optical mark recognition) detects simple marks on a document - e.g. multiple choice tests

48
Q

Define barcode

A

Pattern of lines and gaps that can be read by a device

49
Q

What are the advantages of martix codes over linear barcodes

A 
Matrix codes (QR codes) can hold much more information
Can be scanned from any angle
50
Q

What are the types of biometric scanners?

A
  1. Fingerprint recognition
  2. Facial recognition
  3. Voice recognition
  4. Iris recognition
51
Q

What are the advantages of using biometric scanners?

A
  1. Easier than passwords as they cannot be forgotten
  2. Can speed up transactions
  3. Harder to confuse or trick biometric scanners
52
Q

What are the disadvantages of using biometric scanners?

A
  1. Privacy and security concerns as detailed personal info is stored electronically
  2. Expensive to make and buy
  3. Can change due to injury
53
Q

Define RFID (radio frequency identification) / NFC (near field communication)

A

Short range wireless communication method

RFID tags contain a unique ID that is linked to records in a database

54
Q

Define sensor

A

Input peripheral that inputs data about the physical environment

55
Q

State the advantages of sensors

A
  1. Can be placed in remote or dangerous places
  2. Can monitor continually
  3. Remove possiblity of human error
  4. Can sense things that people cannot (small changes in pressure or gas levels)
56
Q

State the disadvantages of sensors

A
  1. Can be expensive to repair
  2. May not be able to detect if not working
  3. Uses higher energy consumption
57
Q

Define dot matrix printer

Give one advantage and disadvantage

A

Print made by hitting the paper through a ribon of ink

Can make several copies at once
Very noisy

58
Q

Define inkjet printer

Give one advantage and disadvantage

A

Use cartidges containing different coloured ink (black, cyan, magenta, yellow), tiny dots of ink sprayed onto the paper to form images or text

Better at blending colours
Slower than laser

59
Q

Define laser printer

A
  1. Contain rotating cylinder or drum that holds electrical charge
  2. Laser used to discharge certain points on the drum to draw an image
  3. Electrically charged toner is attracted to those points on the drum
  4. Heated onto paper that is passed over the drum
60
Q

Compare dot matrix, inkjet, laser printers in terms of

Speed

A

Slowest
Fast
Fastest

61
Q

Compare dot matrix, inkjet, laser printers in terms of

Printer cost and cost per copy

A

Martix - cheap
Inkjet - medium
Laser - expensive

Matrix - low
Inkjet - high
Laser - medium

62
Q

Compare dot matrix, inkjet, laser printers in terms of

Colour printing and quality

A

Rare
Yes
Yes

Low
High
Highest

63
Q

Compare dot matrix, inkjet, laser printers in terms of

Examples of where it is used

A

When multiple copies are required
Home printing and photographs
High-colume printing in offices

64
Q

How do 3D printers work?

A

Work by adding layers of heated material from the bottom of the mode to the top

65
Q

Define plotter

A

Used to plot images on large sheets of paper
Moves a pen across the paper to draw lines

Used by product designers, engineers, architects

66
Q

What do hard disk drives contain?

A

Hard disk media that is connected to the motherboard

67
Q

What do solid state/ flash drives contain?

A

Contain flash memory media, same as HDD

68
Q

What do optical disk drives contain?

A

Optical disk media

69
Q

How do hard disks work?

A

These are made of circular plates called platters

A read/write head moves on an arm across the tracks on the platter

70
Q

What are the types of optical media and how much storage do they hold?

A

CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray

CDs have the lowest storage amongst these three. Up 700MB of data can be stored.

DVDs can store about 4.7GB on one side, if it is dual-layer then 18GB.

Blu-ray use scratch protection coating. The violet laser used to store data has a greater density and therefore they can store 25GB or 50GB on a double layer.

71
Q

What is the advantage of flash media?

A

More energy efficient than hard disks
No moving parts
Less likely to fail when moved about
Portable

72
Q

What is magnetic tape used to record?

A

Originally used to record sound

Now used to record data

73
Q

How does each media interpret the 0 or 1?

A

HARD DISKS – the magnetic charge of the platter changes to either negative or positive

OPTICAL MEDIA – tiny bumps on the surface represent the 0s and 1s

FLASH MEDIA – different levels of electric charges represent 0s and 1s

MAGNETIC TAPE – magnetic charge of the tape changes to either negative or positive

74
Q

Name the units of storage capacity

A

Kilobyte - thousand
Megabyte - million
Gigabyte - billion
Terabyte - trillion

75
Q

What is secondary storage used for?

A

Storing a document for future use
Storing an application, to be loaded into RAM when user opens the app
Virtual memory

76
Q

Is secondary storage volatile or non-volatile?

A

Non-volatile

77
Q

Define virtual memory

A

Space on a computer for storing instructions and programs until they are needed or being used

ICT (5 decks)

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