1. Differences in achievement key words

Question 1

What does ‘WC’ mean?

Answer 1

Working-class.

Question 2

What does ‘MC’ mean?

Answer 2

Middle-class.

Question 3

What does ‘FSM’ mean?

Answer 3

Free school meals.

Question 4

What does ‘meritocracy’ mean?

Answer 4

A system which success & status depend primarily on individual talents, abilities, & effort, basis of their merits.

Question 5

What does ‘social mobility’ mean?

Answer 5

The shift in an individual’s social status from one status to another.

Question 6

What does ‘social segregation’ mean?

Answer 6

The process of separating socially similar individuals into distinct neighborhoods or communities based on factors such as race, ethnicity, or income levels.

Question 7

What is ‘further education’?

Answer 7

Required education until 18 years of age ; usually sixth form or college

Question 8

What is ‘higher education’?

Answer 8

Post-graduate qualifications, mainly university.

Question 9

What does ‘social deprivation’ mean?

Answer 9

It refers to the state of lacking access to resources & opportunities that are necessary for social well-being.

Question 10

What does ‘education attainment’ mean?

Answer 10

It refers to the highest level of education completed by either the parents or the individual.

Question 11

What does ‘material deprivation’ mean?

Answer 11

The inability to afford basic resources and services such as sufficient food & heating.

Question 12

What does ‘cultural deprivation’ mean?

Answer 12

Where a person has inferior norms, values, skills & knowledge.

Question 13

What does ‘cultural capital mean’?

Answer 13

The social assets of a person that can be used to increase one’s chances of success in life.

Question 14

What does ‘intellectual development’ mean?

Answer 14

The development of language acquisition, problem solving, learning new skills & the development of thought processes.

Question 15

What does ‘subcultural beliefs’ mean?

Answer 15

Values & norms distinct from those of the majority and are held by a group within a wider society.

Question 16

What does ‘present-time orientation’ mean?

Answer 16

Seeing the present as more important than the future & so not having long-term goals or plans and living in the present.

Question 17

What does ‘future-time orientation’ mean?

Answer 17

A motivational concept of future thinking, focusing on individuals’ future events and the impact on behavior & decision-making regarding the future.

Question 18

What does ‘immediate gratification mean’?

Answer 18

The act of demanding/wanting pleasure now, rather than waiting for better quality rewards later.

Question 19

What does ‘deferred gratification’ mean?

Answer 19

The ability to resist the temptation of an immediate reward in favor of a more valuable and long-lasting reward later.

Question 20

What does ‘fatalism’ mean?

Answer 20

A group of individuals who believe that their destinies are ruled by an unseen power so they cant change the end results of events.

Question 21

What does ‘activism’ mean?

Answer 21

A proactive approach or belief where individuals are encouraged to make effort and put in effort to improve status.

Question 22

What does ‘collectivism’ mean?

Answer 22

A cultural pattern where individuals prioritize the goals of a collective group, such as family, tribe, or nation, over their personal goals.

Question 23

What does ‘individualism’ mean?

Answer 23

Individualists promote realizing one’s goals and desires, valuing independence and self-reliance, & advocating that the interests of the individual should gain precedence over the state or a social group.