Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthodontics, Module I > 1. Craniofacial Growth and Development > Flashcards

1. Craniofacial Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Craniofacial growth and development

  • Not merely an “____” process
  • Takes place in ____ amounts and in varying directions
  • Involves a ____ process within each bone• Synchondrosis - the growth of cartilage
    ○ It matures and closes at different ____ times
    ○ Closing at 7-8 - coincides with ____ developmental
    § SE
A

enlargement
unequal
remodeling
developmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Synchondroses of Cranial Base:

Inter-sphenoid Synchondrosis: Closure at birth ____

Spheno-ethmoidal Synchondrosis: Closure at ____

Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis: Closure at ____

A

birth
7-8
15-20 yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Synchondrosis of Cranial Base
-endochondral growth

____ > endochondral ossification

A

proliferating chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Craniofacial Sutures - Intramembranous growth

• Undifferentiated \_\_\_\_ stem cells
• New bone formed on both sides of \_\_\_\_
• Intramembranous growth
• Major sites of bone expansion
during \_\_\_\_ craniofacial growth
A

mesenchymal
suture
postnatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sutures

	• The sutures in the maxilla:
		○ \_\_\_\_ suture
			§ Can see from the palatal side
		○ \_\_\_\_ suture
		○ \_\_\_\_ suture
		○ \_\_\_\_ suture
		○ \_\_\_\_ suture
		○ Suture between the vomer and maxilla: \_\_\_\_ suture
A 
intermaxillary
nasomaxillary
lacrimomaxillary
frontal-maxillary
zygomaticomaxillary
vomer-maxillary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sutural growth

• Osteoblasts are on both sides of the surface of the \_\_\_\_
A

bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bone surface remodeling

  • intramembranous growth
    • Mesenchymal cells in the fibrous connective tissue membrane (____) - intramembranous growth• Intramembranous includes the ____ growth and remodeling
    ○ For the ____
A

periosteum
sutural
maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Condylar Growth - Endochondral Growth

* For the mandible, the condyle is the only place that has \_\_\_\_ growth because there is cartilage
* For the rest of the mandible, the growth is not from the cartilage, but from bone remodeling > \_\_\_\_ growth
* The condyle is \_\_\_\_ on the surface, then proliferating and mature \_\_\_\_
A

endochondral
intramembranous
fibrocartilage
cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mandibular Body Growth
- Intramembranous Growth

• Enlargement occurs from resorption from side of \_\_\_\_, and growth is on the \_\_\_\_ surface
	○ Only condyle is endochondral growth
A

ramus

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Craniofacial Growth - Sagittal consideration

  • normal facial growth
    • maxillary and mandibular ____• Maxilla goes down and forward, mandible goes down and forward
      ○ Red is older; black is younger
A

downward and forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Facial Growth

  • sagittal consideration (forward rotation)• Used implants in the maxilla and mandible to see what kind of growth is occurring
    ○ Use it to see direction and amount of growth
    • The boys are three years apart
    • Maxilla and mandible grows ____; but the posterior part goes down more-so than the anterior part > ____ [???] Rotation
    ○ Makes the mandibular plane angle ____
    • Superimpose the implants in the maxilla > the nasal surface has resorption, and the molar erupts as well as the incisor
    • Superimpose the implants in the mandible > molars erupt and they mineralize, as well as the incisor; mandibular plane changes; the condyle also grows
A

downward and forward
forward
decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Facial Growth
- Sagittal consideration (backward rotation)

* Certain patients have different growth patterns: the mandible grows downward but NOT \_\_\_\_; the maxilla has normal growth however
* A - maxilla; B - mandible
* This kind of growth is not \_\_\_\_
A

forward

favorable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
Facial Growth
- sagittal consideration (class III)
* Schedule III - the mandible protrudes \_\_\_\_
* The mandible grows forward much more than the \_\_\_\_
A

outwards

maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Facial growth
- sagittal consideration

* The growth of mandible vs. maxilla is \_\_\_\_
* The face of a growing child is always \_\_\_\_
A

different

changing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Facial growth
- sagittal consideration

  • Longitudinal growth age ____
  • The growth patterns of Class I and Class II are similar. Most children show mandibular ____ rotation.
  • SNA and SNB increase from age ____.
  • ____ grows more forward than A point. Thus, ANB ____ from age 9 to 18.• The face of a child from 9-18 becomes more straight on the profile because the ____ grows more anteriorly than the maxilla
A 
9 to 18
forward
9 to 18
b point
decreases
mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Facial growth
- vertical consideration

[???]

A

notes here?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Facial growth
- vertical consideration

If vertical sutural growth and vertical alveolar growth is ____ than vertical condylar growth, mandible would rotate ____ (bite-opening).

If vertical sutural growth and vertical alveolar growth is ____ than vertical condylar growth, mandible would rotate ____ (bite-closing).

• Cranial base is stable > the maxilla grows downward due to sutural growth, and then the mandible has condylar growth; the \_\_\_\_ erupt
	○ This is vertical growth!
• The amount of downward maxillary growth and eruption, compared with the mandibular condylar growth
	○ Condylar growth is slightly more than the sutural downward growth and eruption > makes the mandible forward rotation; makes the posterior part of the face grow downward more than the anterior part
	○ If there is not a lot of condylar growth, but more maxillary growth > the bite will open
	○ ??? rotation
A 
greater
backward
smaller
forward
molars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Facial growth
- vertical consideration

• The molar erupts a lot, the maxilla comes down a lot, there's not a lot condylar growth > mandible grows downward and backward > \_\_\_\_ rotation
• Only sagittal and vertical growth is being discussed right now
	○ Sagittal > max and man grow down and forward
		§ Small % don't follow the pattern > go downward and backward
	○ Vertical
		§ Most children, condylar growth vertically is more than maxillary translation downward > forward rotation
		§ Too much \_\_\_\_ eruption, and little condylar growth > the bite begins to \_\_\_\_ (downward and backward)
A

backward
molar
open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Facial growth
- vertical consideration

• Longitudinal growth age 9-18
• The growth patterns of Class I
and Class II from age 9 to 18
are similar.
• The Mandibular Plane Angle
\_\_\_\_ from age 9 to 18.
• The PFH:AFH ratio \_\_\_\_
from age 9 to 18.
• Normally, the mandibular plane would become flatter; if the angle becomes smaller, then you have \_\_\_\_ rotation which is unfavorable
• A point > maxilla > the most \_\_\_\_ point is located here (the most forward point); the B point is the same concept, just in the mandible
• ANB line has a small angle
	○ Mandible grows more with growth > the angle should become \_\_\_\_
	○ Schedule III, ANB angle would be \_\_\_\_ because the mandible so far outward
	○ If the mandible is \_\_\_\_ (schedule II) the ANB angle would be larger
A 
decreases
increases
backward
concave
smaller
negative
short
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Facial Growth
- transverse consideration

• Sagittal > face becomes \_\_\_\_
• [???]
• Transverse growth
	○ The maxilla grows \_\_\_\_, and the surface begins to remodel
A

straighter

downward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Maxillary Transverse Growth

• Transverse growth of maxilla is mainly through the \_\_\_\_, and will separate the two parts
• Periosteum > \_\_\_\_ remodeling; there's also bone apposition
• Age 4/5 to 18/20 > place two implants where the balls are, and watch the increase between the implants > sutural growth; and then beyond that it's bone remodeling	 • In the posterior, \_\_\_\_ growth occurs more than it does anteriorly
• From growth the molars grow forward
• Maxillary transverse growth is mainly \_\_\_\_  (more than 70%)
• From any age to 18
	○ From 10/11 to 18
		§ Between implants in posterior: sutural growth is \_\_\_\_mm, but the molar width is only \_\_\_\_ (sutural growth vs intramolar growth is not the same)
A

suture
intramembranous
sutural
sutural

3
1.8mm

22
Q

Facial growth
- transverse consideration

Jugale (J): at the jugal process, the intersection of the outline of the ____ and the zygomatic buttress.
Antegonion (Ag): at the ____

• Determine transverse growth through 3D imaging > \_\_\_\_
	○ Before that, used 2D imaging to determine the transverse growth
A

tuberosity of the maxilla
antegonial notch
CBCT

23
Q

Facial growth
- transverse consideration

• Maxillary transverse growth after \_\_\_\_ is complete
A

14-15

24
Q

Facial growth
- transverse consideration (maxilla)

• \_\_\_\_ y/o on females, transverse growth on the maxilla is complete; the \_\_\_\_ is still growing
	○ It's a little bit later for \_\_\_\_
A

14-15
mandible
males

25
Q 
Facial growth (transverse)
- arch width (moyers)
* At 12 > the first molar growth to 18 only changes \_\_\_\_mm
* The changes are all minimal among the teeth
A

1

26
Q 
Facial growth (transverse)
- maxillary arch
	• Upper intermolar margin change is only \_\_\_\_mm
A

2.6

27
Q

Buccolingual inclination of posterior teeth - curve of wilson

• Curve of spee is on \_\_\_\_; curve of wilson is on the \_\_\_\_
• Upper molars long axis tend to incline \_\_\_\_; while the lower teeth incline \_\_\_\_
	○ This changes with \_\_\_\_
A

sagittal
transverse
buccally
lingually

28
Q

Buccolingual Inclination of Posterior Teeth - Curve of Wilson

Resistance in loading:
Teeth aligned parallel to direction of ____ for optimum resistance to masticatory forces.
Masticatory function:
Allows food to be tossed directly onto ____.

A

internal pterygoid muscle

occlusal table

29
Q

Buccolingual Inclination of Posterior Teeth - Curve of Wilson

A small ____ between the buccal segments allows for proper occlusal function.

An accentuated curve of Wilson results in ____ interferences, especially in the ____ area.

A

curve of Wilson
balancing
second molar

30
Q

Normal Buccolingual Inclination of Untreated Adults

  • Maxilla, slight ____ tipping
  • Mandible, slight ____ tipping
A

buccal

lingual

31
Q

Normal Buccolingual Inclination of Untreated Posterior Teeth

• The inclination of the \_\_\_\_ is greater than it is for the upper; these change with \_\_\_\_
A

lower teeth

growth

32
Q

ABO - Buccolingual Inclination of Maxillary Posterior Teeth

• TL > upper second molar is inclined \_\_\_\_
A

too much

33
Q

Buccolingual Inclination Changes of Molars With Growth

• With growth, the \_\_\_\_ also changes
A

curve of Wilson

34
Q

Diagnosis of Transverse Problems

  • There should be proper transverse ____ width, transverse dental width.
  • Roots should be in ____ bone with proper buccolingual inclination
  • There should be no dental ____.
A

skeletal
basal
crossbite

35
Q

Scammon’s Curve of Growth
• At age 10, the ____ is more advanced in its growth (more mature)
• Growth spurt - ____ is usually two years ahead

A

maxilla

girls

36
Q

Timing of Growth Modification
- before growth spurt
[???]

A

LOOK ME UP!

37
Q

Handwrist film
• To evaluate growth, you take ____ photos (because some have different schedules)
• Width of ____, capping, ossification and fusion > used to evaluate the schedule age > like to see if the patient has ____ and helps you treat the patient more effectively

A

handwrist
epiphyses
growth potential

38
Q

Cervical Vertibra Maturation (CVM)

  • C 2, C3, C4
  • Shape (trapezoid, square, rectangle)
  • Presence of notch on lower border‣ What is the difference between CS3 and CS4?
    • ____ has notches on all there but CS3 only has notches
    on ____
A

CS4
C2
C3

39
Q 
Facial growth modification
- sagittal (skeletal class II)

• Skeletal Class II

  • Usually ANB > ____ with significant ____.
  • Treatment should be started before ____ to improve skeletal relationship, girls usually 2 years earlier than boys.
  • Skeletal effects using ____ or functional appliances generally are positively impacted.• Skeletal class II > patient has a small ____; on the profile the mandible is behind vs a patient with a strong mandible and you see a concavity
    • For a patient with a small mandible > inhibit ____growth so the mandible grows naturally
  • class II molar relationship:
    overjet - ____, overbit - ____
    • Headgear is ____
    • Mandibular growth is forward, and the maxillary growth is not forward > evening out their bite
A 
4
overjet
growth spurt
headpiece
mandible
maxillary

12mm
1mm

orthopedic

40
Q 
Facial growth modification
- sagittal (skeletal class III)

Class III Malocclusion

  • The anterior crossbite should be treated as ____ as possible due to its adverse effects on the facial growth and development. It can be treated as early as ____ years old in the ____ dentition.
  • For a true skeletal Class III, treatment with orthopedic appliance can be started in the early ____ dentition.
    • Example of a crossbite
    • Would like to move the ____ forward
    • ____
A 
early
5-6
primary
mixed
maxilla
anterior crossbite
41
Q

Vertical Consideration on Facial Growth

  1. Maxillary downward growth
  2. Maxillary dentoalveolar
    growth
  3. Mandibular dentoalveolar
    growth
  4. Condylar growth• Control the ____ eruption to help the vertical consideration > will help the mandible have ____ rotation
A

molar

forward

42
Q

Facial Growth Modification
- vertical

Class II High Angle:
\_\_\_\_ 
High pull head gear 
\_\_\_\_ 
Molar intrusion

Class II Low Angle:
• ____
• Anterior bite plate

A

vertical chin cup
posterior bite plate
cervical head gear

43
Q

Facial growth modification
- vertical (skeletal open bite)

  • Often displays a ____ mandibular plane angle, longer lower facial height, and super-eruption of the ____ teeth with increased dentoalveolar height.
  • A dental open bite is typically related to ____ or digit sucking habits. The skeletal open bite demonstrates more ____ and incisor eruption than a dental open bite.
  • Should be treated early to be successful (phase I- age ____ years).
  • Could involve using a bonded ____ with a high pull head gear to reduce vertical ____ growth and encourage forward rotation of the mandible.
A 
high
maxillary
thumb
molar
7-9
RPE
maxillary
44
Q

Facial Growth Modification
- vertical (skeletal deep bite)

  • ____
  • Cervical pull head gear
  • ____
  • Orthognathic surgery
A

anterior bite plate

conventional orthodontics

45
Q

Facial Growth Modification
- vertical

• This patient had a biteplate on the molar area for a few years > resulted in an \_\_\_\_
A

open bite

46
Q

Facial growth modification
- vertical

• Encourage the growth of the \_\_\_\_
A

molars

47
Q

Facial growth modification
- vertical

• Give the patient a \_\_\_\_ > takes the patient about 4 months
A

bite plate

48
Q

Facial growth modification
- vertical (skeletal open bite)

• Open bite > vertical problem > control the \_\_\_\_ eruption
A

molar

49
Q

Facial growth modification
- transverse (RPE)

• Narrow maxilla > \_\_\_\_ problem
A

transverse

50
Q

Mid-palatal suture

• At a young age, the sutures are like a straight line but then
they become more ____
• We already know that suture growth accounts for major
growth of the ____
• So we like to open the suture when patients are ____

A

interdigitated
maxilla
young

51
Q

Facial Growth Modification
- transverse (RPE)

* \_\_\_\_
* Maxilla is \_\_\_\_  > crossbite
* Orthopedic > using an  \_\_\_\_ > try to open the suture
* When you expand maxilla > open the \_\_\_\_
A

crossbite
narrow
expander
nasal cavity

52
Q

Transverse effects of RPE on maxilla

* The maxillary bone widens and so does the nasal cavity; not as much as you expand the \_\_\_\_ > the lower part you expand more, the upper you expand less
* Use \_\_\_\_ to see if you open the suture
A

molars

CBCT

Orthodontics, Module I (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions