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CardioPulm 2 > 1] CP Topics In Peds > Flashcards

1] CP Topics In Peds Flashcards

1
Q

What weeks does the respiratory system begin to develop?

A

Weeks 4 - 7

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2
Q

Bronchial buds continue to evolve until all segments are formed; what weeks?

A

Week 7 - 16

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3
Q

Around what week does the diameter expand?

A

Week 13

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4
Q

By what week are all major lung structures developed

A

Week 16

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5
Q

Blood vessels and alveolar ducts have developed by what weeks?

A

Weeks 16 - 24

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6
Q

Type I and Type II pneumocytes have began to differentiate at week

A

Week 19

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7
Q

Fetal breathing at week?

A

Week 20

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8
Q

Sufficient alveolar precursors have
matured so that a baby born prematurely at thistime can usually breathe on its own
At week ?

A

Week 28

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9
Q

Alveoli develop and mature until the age of ?

A

8 years old

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10
Q

Less what type fibers in the diaphragm of an infant?

A

Less type 1 fibers

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11
Q

Age 0 - 3 months chest wall is ?

A

Triangular in anterior plane and circular from lateral view

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12
Q

The ribs are what age 0 - 3 months

A

Horizontal

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13
Q

Independent sitting happens around what months?

A

6 - 12 months

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14
Q

Chest becomes elliptical in what view at 6 - 12 months

A

Lateral view

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15
Q

Mutation of a gene on chromosome 7 that produces a protein called CFTR

A

Cystic fibrosis

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16
Q

Problems with CF

A

Chronic inflammation and infection in airways, digestive enzymes cant reach stomach, at risk for DIOS

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17
Q

Antibiotic therapies, steroids, bronchodilators, hypertonic saline and pulmozyme and new meds help manage?

A

CF

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18
Q

Autosomal recessive disease that effects the growth and function of hair-like structures called cilia

A

PCD

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

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19
Q

Life expectancy for PCD is?

A

Normal

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20
Q

What 4 parts of the body does PCD affect?

A

Sinus
Lungs
Ears
Reproductive system

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21
Q

Sinus rinses, bronchodilators, hypertonic saline, Pulmozyme.
Steroids and antibiotics similar to those used with CF
Airway Clearance
Exercise
All help to manage?

A

PCD

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22
Q

Saccharine tests for CF

A

Less than 60 minutes

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23
Q

Saccharine test for PCD

A

More than 60 minutes

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24
Q

Sweat test for CF vs PCD

A

Normal to elevated for CF

Normal for PCD

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25
Q

Lung disease for CF vs PCD

A

Progressive for CF

Stable for PCD

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26
Q

Life expectancy for CF vs PCD

A

Limited for CF

Normal for PCD

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27
Q

A serious lung condition that affects infants, primarily the premature infants

A

BPD

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

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28
Q

commonly associated with low birth weight, prematurity, low amount of surfactant, supplemental O2 support

A

BPD

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29
Q

What is RDS

A

Respiratory distress syndrome; its when the infant lungs are not fully formed and it affects their ability to make surfactant

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30
Q

What is surfactant?

A

A liquid that coats the lungs that keep the lungs open to allow for spontaneous breathing when born

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31
Q

Outcome of BPD

A

Most babies show improvement over time with proper management

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32
Q

Medical management: Bronchodilators, steroids, and diuretics
Supplemental O2 via nasal cannula, CPAP, or mechanical ventilation
Surfactant replacement therapy
Emphasis on nutrition and caloric intake

A

Management of BPD

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33
Q

WHat does BPD stand for?

A

Broncopulmonary dysplasia

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34
Q

Survivors of BPD are at increased risk for ?

A

Respiratory disease and infection, asthma like disease, arterial hypertension

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35
Q

A birth defect formed in uterus where there is 1 or more abnormal connections b/w the esophagus and trachea

A

TEF

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36
Q

What does TEF stand for

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula

37
Q

What happens in TEF? Patho wise

A

Fluids improperly pass through to trachea and lungs during swallowing

38
Q

TEF is commonly seen with

A

Trisomy 13,18,21
Heart issues
VACTERL syndrome
Kidney and urinary issues

39
Q

How do you fix TEF

A

Surgery

PEP therapy for tracheomalacia

40
Q

What’s tracheomalacia

A

Cartilage that keeps trachea open is so soft that it kind of collapses especially during increased airflow

41
Q

Most common (90%) congenital deformity of the chest wall with worsening at time of the adolescent growth spurt

A

Pectus excavatum

42
Q

Pectus excavatum is higher prevalence with ?

A

Caucasian and Marfan syndrome

43
Q

Acquired pectus excavatum is seen with ?

A

Severe chronic upper or lower airway obstruction

44
Q

Abnormal growth of the costochondral cartilage

A

Pectus excavatum

45
Q

Pectus excavatum appears?

A

Caved in

46
Q

Signs and Sx of severe cases of pectus excavatum is when the sternum compresses the <3

A

Recurrent respiratory infections,
Chest pain, Heart murmur
Development of scoliosis or
displacement of vertebral bodies

47
Q

Clinical presentation of pectus excavatum

A 
Thoracic kyphosis 
Rounded shoulders
Rotated pelvis
Sinked in chest
Rib flare and potbelly
48
Q

2 treatments for pectus excavatum

A

NUss and Ravitch procedure

49
Q

Precautions of pectus excavatum

A 
No sidelying
No bending
No lifting
No twisting
No pushing/pulling >8-10lbs
50
Q

A rare disease that affects arteries

in the lungs and the right side of theheart

A

Pulmonary hypertension

51
Q

5 group classification of pulmonary hypertension

A 
Pulmonary arterial HTN
Left sided HF
Lung disease 
Chronic blood clots
Other
52
Q

What is PHT

A

Pulmonary hypertension

53
Q

Progression of PHT

Part 1

A

Pulmonary arterioles and
capillaries become narrowed,
blocked or destroyed.

54
Q

Progression of PHT part 2

A

Harder for blood to flow through lungs and increases pressure in the lungs arteries

55
Q

Progression of PHT part 3

A

As the pressure builds, the heart’s lower right chamber (right
ventricle) works harder which
eventually causing your heart
muscle to weaken and fail

56
Q

Signs and Sx of PHT

A 
Poor posture
SOB with min activity 
Dizzy
Chest pain
Fatigue
57
Q

Continuous IV or subcutaneous medication

May eventually require lung or heart-lung transplantation

A

Managing PHT

58
Q

What is BO or BOOP

A

Bronchiolotis obliterans

59
Q

What is BO

A

An inflammatory obstruction of the bronchioles

60
Q

A cause by chemical particles or respiratory infections, particularly
after organ transplants, leading to extensive scarring that blocks theairways

A

BO

61
Q

Signs and Sx of BO

A

Dry cough/wheezing
SOB
Fatigue

62
Q

Tx to stabilize or slow down BOOP

A

Antibiotics, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive drugs
Airway clearance and exercise
Lung transplant

63
Q

7 pediatric Dx associated with pulmonary problems

A 
SCI
SMA
TBI
CP
Muscular dystrophy
Downs yndrome
Prune belly
64
Q

4 steps of airway clearance

A

1- get air behind mucus
2- loosen/mobilize secretions from small airways
3- move secretions into large airways
4- evacuate secretions from centra airways

65
Q

HRmax for aerobic exercise

A

70-80%

66
Q

Frequency of aerobic exercise

A

3x/week, 30-60 min

67
Q

Maintain Sp02 of more than what for aerobic exercise?

A

More than 90%

68
Q

Frequency for strength training

A

2-3x/week

69
Q

Reps and sets for strength

A

1-3 sets of 6-15 reps

70
Q

What’s the 1RM for strength

A

50-80%

71
Q

Frequency for stretching

A

2-3x/week

72
Q

Reps and hold for stretching

A

15-30 second hold

3-5 reps

73
Q

Which points of the pelvic floor are the weakest?

A

Think of soda can, top and bottom are weakest b/c when you open either end, pressure will release

74
Q

occurs when the
pelvic floor does not contract or does notcontract effectively when the individual
sneezes, coughs, laughs, jumps, etc.

A

Urinary incontinence

75
Q

Exercise for pelvic floor

A

Kegel exercises

76
Q

Thoracic extension =

A

Inhalation

77
Q

Thoracic flexion =

A

Exhalation

78
Q

Should flex/aBD/ER =

A

Upper accessory muscles

79
Q

Should ext/ADD/IR =

A

Diaphragm and lower chest muscles

80
Q

Inhalation is what type of contraction

A

Concentric

81
Q

Exhalation concentric is

A

Diaphragm produces FORCEFUL exhalation

82
Q

Eccentric exhalation is

A

Diaphragm CONTROLS exhalation during speech

83
Q

What is HFCWO

A

Vest therapy

84
Q

Prevents airway wall collapse to improve efficiency of airway clearance

A

PEP

85
Q

What’s better according to research and why: PEP vs HFCWO

A

PEP b/c lower # of exacerbation requiring antibiotics

86
Q

Typical program for OPEP (oscillating)

A

Typical program: (10 reps inhaling and exhaling through device +coughing techniques) x repeat = 10-15 minute duration

87
Q

Switches quickly between higher and lower resistance creating
pressure as well as provides
oscillations

A

Aerobika

88
Q

Provides rapid bursts of air and saline mist into thelung through a mouthpiece or mask

A

IPV = intrapulmonary percussive ventilation

89
Q

Tidal volume is ?

Total vital capacity is ?

A

Tidal volume = regular breathing

Total vital capacity = deep breathing

CardioPulm 2 (5 decks)

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