1: Contraception

Question 1

Strategies or devices used to reduce the risk of fertilization or implantation in an attempt to prevent pregnancy is known as…

Answer 1

Contraception

Question 2

List 5 methods of contraception:

Answer 2

1) natural family planning
2) barrier
3) hormonal
4) intrauterine methods
5) surgical methods

Question 3

Name the method of contraception:

Abstaining from having sex eliminates the possibility of sperm entering a woman’s vagina.

Answer 3

Natural Family Planning Method

Question 4

What instructions do you give the client with natural family planning method?

Answer 4

Refrain from intercourse, although other sexual activities can be performed.

Question 5

Natural Family Planning Method:

Advantages

Answer 5

• Most effective form of birth control
• Abstinence during fertile periods can be used, but requires a knowledge of the menstrual cycle
• Can eliminate the risk of STIs if no genitalia contact

Question 6

Natural Family Planning Method:

Disadvantages

Answer 6

• Requires self-control

Question 7

Risks of Natural Family Planning Method:

Answer 7

If complete abstinence is maintained, there are no risks.

Question 8

Name the method of contraception:

Man withdraws penis from vagina prior to ejaculation.

Answer 8

Coitus Interruptus (Withdrawal)

Question 9

What instructions do you give the client with coitus interruptus?

Answer 9

Be aware of fluids leaking from the penis

Question 10

Coitus Interruptus:

Advantages

Answer 10

Possible choice for monogamous couples with no other option for birth control (ie, religious convictions)

Question 11

Coitus Interruptus:

Disadvantages

Answer 11

• Most ineffective method of contraception

- No protection against STIs

Question 12

Risks of Coitus Interruptus:

Answer 12

• Lack of control can make this an effective method
• Leakage
• Risk of pregnancy

Question 13

Name the method of contraception:
Calculating fertile period and avoiding intercourse during that time period; also taking into account the fact that sperm are viable for 48-120 hr and the ovum for 24 hr.

Answer 13

Calendar method

Question 14

Client instructions for calendar method:

Answer 14

• Accurately record # of days in each cycle from 1st day of menses for a period of at least 6 cycles to calculate fertile period. Refrain during this time.

Question 15

How is a woman’s fertile period calculated?

Answer 15

• START of the fertile period is figured by subtracting 18 days from the # of days in the woman’s SHORTEST cycle.
• END of the fertile period is figured by subtracting 11 days from the # of days of the LONGEST cycle.

Example:
shortest cycle, 26 - 18 = 8th day
longest cycle, 30 - 11 = 19th day
(fertile period is days 8 through 19)

Question 16

Calendar method:

Advantages

Answer 16

• most useful when combined with basal body temp or cervical mucous method
• inexpensive

Question 17

Calendar method:

Disadvantages

Answer 17

• not very reliable
• requires accurate record keeping
• requires compliance

Question 18

Risks with calendar method:

Answer 18

• ovulation and menstrual cycles change

- risk of pregnancy

Question 19

Name the method of contraception:

Use body temp to recognize time of ovulation.

Answer 19

Basal Body Temperature (BBT)

Question 20

Client instructions with BBT:

Answer 20

Measure ORAL temp prior to getting out of bed each morning to monitor ovulation

Question 21

BBT:

Advantages

Answer 21

Inexpensive, convenient, no side effects

Question 22

BBT:

Disadvantages

Answer 22

Many variables can cause changes in body temp (eg. stress, fatigue, illness, alcohol, sleeping environment)

Question 23

Risks of BBT method:

Answer 23

pregnancy

Question 24

Name the method of contraception:
Monitoring for changes in cervical mucus that indicate ovulation. Mucus will be thicker and will stretch between the fingers.

Answer 24

Symptom-Based Method (Cervical Mucus)

Question 25

What is it called with the mucus stretches between the fingers as the fingers are pulled apart from one another?

Answer 25

spinnbarkeit sign

Question 26

Instructions for Symptom-Based Method:

Answer 26

• clean hands before and after assessment
• begin examining mucus from the last day of the menstrual cycle
• can use the mucus from the vaginal introitus
• do not douche prior to assessment

Question 27

Symptom-Based Method:

Advantages

Answer 27

• A woman can learn her body’s mucus pattern and become very good at accurately identifying ovulation

Question 28

Symptom-Based Method:

Disadvantages

Answer 28

• This grosses some women out

Question 29

Risks of symptoms-based method:

Answer 29

• other substances can alter the composition of the mucus (eg. semen, blood, contraceptive foams, discharge from infections)
• risk of pregnancy

Question 30

Name the method of contraception:

A thin flexible sheath is worn on the penis during intercourse to prevent semen from entering the uterus.

Answer 30

Condoms

Question 31

Instructions for use of condoms:

Answer 31

• place condom on erect penis, leaving empty space at the tip for a sperm reservoir
• following ejaculation, a man withdraws penis while holding the rim of the condom to prevent any spillage to the woman’s vaginal area
• may be used with spermicidal cream/gel to increase effectiveness

Question 32

Condom:

Advantages

Answer 32

Protects against STIs and involves the male in the birth control method

Question 33

Condom:

Disadvantages

Answer 33

• noncompliance
• reduces spontaneity of intercourse
• penis must be erect to apply condom
• if penis is withdrawn while still erect, this can interfere with sex

Question 34

Risks with condoms:

Answer 34

• can rupture or leak
• one-time use
• latex allergy
• only water-soluble lubricants should be used with latex condoms