1: Contraception Flashcards
Strategies or devices used to reduce the risk of fertilization or implantation in an attempt to prevent pregnancy is known as…
Contraception
List 5 methods of contraception:
1) natural family planning
2) barrier
3) hormonal
4) intrauterine methods
5) surgical methods
Name the method of contraception:
Abstaining from having sex eliminates the possibility of sperm entering a woman’s vagina.
Natural Family Planning Method
What instructions do you give the client with natural family planning method?
Refrain from intercourse, although other sexual activities can be performed.
Natural Family Planning Method:
Advantages
- Most effective form of birth control
- Abstinence during fertile periods can be used, but requires a knowledge of the menstrual cycle
- Can eliminate the risk of STIs if no genitalia contact
Natural Family Planning Method:
Disadvantages
- Requires self-control
Risks of Natural Family Planning Method:
If complete abstinence is maintained, there are no risks.
Name the method of contraception:
Man withdraws penis from vagina prior to ejaculation.
Coitus Interruptus (Withdrawal)
What instructions do you give the client with coitus interruptus?
Be aware of fluids leaking from the penis
Coitus Interruptus:
Advantages
Possible choice for monogamous couples with no other option for birth control (ie, religious convictions)
Coitus Interruptus:
Disadvantages
- Most ineffective method of contraception
- No protection against STIs
Risks of Coitus Interruptus:
- Lack of control can make this an effective method
- Leakage
- Risk of pregnancy
Name the method of contraception:
Calculating fertile period and avoiding intercourse during that time period; also taking into account the fact that sperm are viable for 48-120 hr and the ovum for 24 hr.
Calendar method
Client instructions for calendar method:
- Accurately record # of days in each cycle from 1st day of menses for a period of at least 6 cycles to calculate fertile period. Refrain during this time.
How is a woman’s fertile period calculated?
- START of the fertile period is figured by subtracting 18 days from the # of days in the woman’s SHORTEST cycle.
- END of the fertile period is figured by subtracting 11 days from the # of days of the LONGEST cycle.
Example:
shortest cycle, 26 - 18 = 8th day
longest cycle, 30 - 11 = 19th day
(fertile period is days 8 through 19)
Calendar method:
Advantages
- most useful when combined with basal body temp or cervical mucous method
- inexpensive
Calendar method:
Disadvantages
- not very reliable
- requires accurate record keeping
- requires compliance
Risks with calendar method:
- ovulation and menstrual cycles change
- risk of pregnancy
Name the method of contraception:
Use body temp to recognize time of ovulation.
Basal Body Temperature (BBT)
Client instructions with BBT:
Measure ORAL temp prior to getting out of bed each morning to monitor ovulation
BBT:
Advantages
Inexpensive, convenient, no side effects
BBT:
Disadvantages
Many variables can cause changes in body temp (eg. stress, fatigue, illness, alcohol, sleeping environment)
Risks of BBT method:
pregnancy
Name the method of contraception:
Monitoring for changes in cervical mucus that indicate ovulation. Mucus will be thicker and will stretch between the fingers.
Symptom-Based Method (Cervical Mucus)
What is it called with the mucus stretches between the fingers as the fingers are pulled apart from one another?
spinnbarkeit sign
Instructions for Symptom-Based Method:
- clean hands before and after assessment
- begin examining mucus from the last day of the menstrual cycle
- can use the mucus from the vaginal introitus
- do not douche prior to assessment
Symptom-Based Method:
Advantages
- A woman can learn her body’s mucus pattern and become very good at accurately identifying ovulation
Symptom-Based Method:
Disadvantages
- This grosses some women out
Risks of symptoms-based method:
- other substances can alter the composition of the mucus (eg. semen, blood, contraceptive foams, discharge from infections)
- risk of pregnancy
Name the method of contraception:
A thin flexible sheath is worn on the penis during intercourse to prevent semen from entering the uterus.
Condoms
Instructions for use of condoms:
- place condom on erect penis, leaving empty space at the tip for a sperm reservoir
- following ejaculation, a man withdraws penis while holding the rim of the condom to prevent any spillage to the woman’s vaginal area
- may be used with spermicidal cream/gel to increase effectiveness
Condom:
Advantages
Protects against STIs and involves the male in the birth control method
Condom:
Disadvantages
- noncompliance
- reduces spontaneity of intercourse
- penis must be erect to apply condom
- if penis is withdrawn while still erect, this can interfere with sex
Risks with condoms:
- can rupture or leak
- one-time use
- latex allergy
- only water-soluble lubricants should be used with latex condoms
