1. conformity

Question 1

when was Asches experiment/proceedure?

Answer 1

1951

Question 2

what was the aim of Asch’s experiment?

Answer 2

• to see to the extent that people will conform to the opinions of others

Question 3

what were the variables that Ash investigated?

Answer 3

1. Group size- conformity increased with group size 31.8%
2. Unanimity- a confederate which disagreed with the whole group to see if this would influence them
3. Task Difficulty, conformity increased

Question 4

outline Asch’s experiment?

Answer 4

1. 123 American male participants were tested
2. each participant saw two white cards with lines on them
3. participants had to say which lines (A,B,C) aligned with the line on the other card
4. the participants were grouped in people of 6-8 with only one person being a genuine confederate
5. confederates gave incorrect scripted answers to see if participant would conform

Question 5

what were the findings?

Answer 5

• participants agreed with confederates 36.8% of the time

Question 6

what are the limitations of Asch’s procedure?

Answer 6

• Artificial setting, meaning demand characteristics could have been present
• Low Generalisability, as the study only involved men,

Question 7

what are the limitations of Asch’s procedure?

Answer 7

• Artificial setting, meaning demand characteristics could have been present
• Low Generalisability, as the study only involved men,
• ethical considerations, participants were deceived

Question 8

what is a strength behind Asch’s proceedure?

Answer 8

• Research support, Lucas et al’s research supports this, people conformed less on hard tasks
  COUNTERPOINT: LUCAS ET ALS’ STUDTY FOUND CONFORMITY IS MORE COMPLEX THAN ASCH SUGGESTS DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT CIRCUMSTANCES

Question 9

who suggested the types of conformity?

Answer 9

Kelman (1958)

Question 10

list the types of conformity and their definitions

Answer 10

• INTERNALISATION: private and public changes of behaviour/ conformity
• IDENTIFICATION: the idea of publicly agreeing as you want to identify with the group, even if you do not always agree in private
• COMPLIANCE: public agreement, to go along with the conversation, but privately disagreeing

Question 11

what is the two process theory?

Answer 11

Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed this theory to explain the reasons of conformity

Question 12

what are the two explanations of conformity and their meanings?

Answer 12

• INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE: following the group as you assume they know more and are therefore right
• NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE: failure of being socially rejected so you agree with the group to be apart of it

Question 13

What is the strength for normative social influence?

Answer 13

• evidence that supports it as an explanation of conformity
• Asch 1951 found most felt self conscious when speaking, when writing answers down conformity dropped to 12.5%

Question 14

What is the limitation of Normative social influence?

Answer 14

• does not predict conformity in every case
• McGhee and Teevan (1967) found students who were nAffilaitor were more likely to conform

Question 15

What is the strength for informational social influence?

Answer 15

• Lucas et al (2006) provides evidence
• this research support proves the validity
• COUNTERPOINT that there is low res world application and that ISI AND NSI can be blurred in real life

Question 16

What experiment and when did Zimbardo study?

Answer 16

• 1973
• Stanford prison experiment

Question 17

Outline the procedure the Stanford prison experiment

Answer 17

• set up a mock prison in a psychology department
• 21 emotionally stable males were selected
• they were randomly assigned to be a guard of prisoner
• they were dressed accordingly- this is the process of de-individualisation
• guards had authority over prisoners

Question 18

What was the aim of the Stanford prison experiment? (zambardo 1973)

Answer 18

• to see why prison guards behave brutally,
• was it their personality of them filling a social role?

Question 19

What were the findings related to the social roles?

Answer 19

• prisoners rebelled within 2 days
• guards were harsh
• harassment of prisoners
• 1prisoner was released after displaying signs of psychological disturbance
• Zimbardo ended study after the 6/14 days

Question 20

What were the conclusions from the Zimbardo study?

Answer 20

• social roles have a strong influence on peoples behaviour
• they behaved accordingly to the roles and forgot they were in a study

Question 21

What was the strength of The Stanford prison experiment?
(Zimbardo 1973)

Answer 21

• colleagues had control over key variables eliminating bias- HIGH INTERNAL VALIDITY

Question 22

What are the limitations of the Stanford Prison experiment?

Answer 22

• lack of realism, articial
  Setting, participants fulfil on stereotypes
• COUNTERPOINT, McDermott (2019) research evidence to suggest that the Stanford Prison Experiment did replicate prisons
• another limitation is that Zimbardo seems to have exaggerated the influence of social roles