1: Clinical anatomy - upper limb Flashcards
What are the two types of stabiliser of the shoulder joint?
Static
Dynamic
What are the static stabilisers of the shoulder?
Capsule
Labrum
What are the dynamic stabilisers of the shoulder?
Rotator cuff muscles
Pectoral muscles
Deltoid
What are some causes of rotator cuff muscle impingement?
Tendonitis
Cuff tear
Bursitis
Osteophytes
Where is injected with steroid / anaesthetic to relieve the pain of painful arc syndrome?
Subacromial space
(where the impingement is)
What is a Bankart lesion?
Detachment of labrum from shoulder joint
How may re-dislocation of the shoulder be prevented?
Cuff strengthening
i.e physiotherapy
Which neurovascular structures may be compromised in shoulder dislocation?
Brachial plexus (esp. axillary nerve)
Axillary artery
Which ligaments, connecting the collarbone to the scapula, may be damaged upon fracture of the clavicle?
Coracoclavicular ligaments
note drawing of bc - adjust so axillary and radial come out below mc and above median
What is adhesive capsulitis also known as?
Frozen shoulder
Adhesive capsulitis limits the shoulder joint’s range of movement - which movement is especially affected?
External rotation
Patient with which condition are more likely to develop adhesive capsulitis?
Diabetes
Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the arm?
Where else does it supply?
Musculocutaneous nerve
Sensory to lateral forearm
Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the arm?
Radial nerve
Which nerve may be damaged by a humeral shaft fracture?
Radial nerve
What sign may be present due to radial nerve damage?
Why?
Wrist drop
Radial nerve supplies all extensors of upper limb
What are the two joints forming the elbow joint?
Humero-ulnar joint
Radio-capitellar joint
Which elbow joint allows for flexion and extension?
Humero-ulnar joint
Which elbow joint allows for supination and pronation?
Radio-capitellar joint
Where is the common extensor origin?
Which disease is associated with this?
Lateral epicondyle
Tennis elbow
Where is the common flexor origin?
What disease is associated with this?
Medial epicondyle
Golfer’s elbow
What neurovascular structures can be compromised by supracondylar fractures?
Brachial artery
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Which forearm joints also facilitate supination and pronation?
PRU and DRU joints
What primary cartilaginous joint spans the space between the radius and the ulna?
Interosseous membrane
What is a Monteggia fracture?
What is a Galeazzi fracture?
Monteggia - fracture of proximal third of ulna, radius dislocation
Galeazzi - fracture of distal third of ulna, DRUJ dislocation
Which nerves supply the flexors of the forearm?
Median nerve and ulnar nerve
learn the difference
Which nerve supplies all the extensors of the upper limb?
Radial nerve
Which carpal bone is commonly fractured?
Scaphoid
Which nerve is compressed in
a) carpal tunnel
b) cubital tunnel?
a) Median nerve
b) Ulnar nerve
Flexor and extensor tendons are surrounded by a ___ of fascia.
sheathe
Inflammation of flexor tendons causes which condition, characterised by clicking on manual extension?
Trigger finger
Which muscles give the hand a high degree of dexterity?
What are some examples?
Intrinsic hand muscles
Thenar muscles, lateral lumbricals (interosseous muscles)
Which tendons flex the
a) PIP and MCP joints
b) DIP joints?
a) Flexor digitorum superficialis
b) Flexor digitorum profundus
Name two finger deformities.
Boutonniere’s deformity
Swan neck deformity
Squaring and Z-shaped thumbs
