1. Circulation of blood Flashcards

1
Q

Give 5 functions of the cardiovascular system

A
  • Bulk flow of materials
  • Temperature regulation
  • Homeostasis
  • Host defence
  • Reproduction
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2
Q

What is the CNS involvement in the cardiovascular system?

A

Intergrates cadiovascular activity and functions with that of the respiratory and renal systems

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3
Q

How does the left side of the heart differ to the right?

A

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right

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4
Q

Name the four components of microcirculation

A
  • Arterioles
  • Precapillary sphincters
  • Capillaries
  • Venules
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5
Q

In what way do blood vessels in the body vary? (6)

A
  • Number
  • Diameter
  • Wall thickness
  • Smooth muscle
  • Elastic tissue
  • Fibrous tissue
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6
Q

Define an arteriole and give its function

A

Arterioles are the smallest diameter muscular walled arteries

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7
Q

Define a precapillary sphincter and give its function

A

Precapillary sphincters are rings of smooth muscle. which control entry of blood from arteriole into each capillary

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8
Q

Define a capillary and give its function

A

Capillaries are the smallest diameter of blood vessels that allows for diffusion of waste, nutrients etc. in and out of tissues

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9
Q

Define a venule and give its function

A

Drain blood back to the larger true veins

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10
Q

The ultimate function of the CVS is…

A

…to ensure there is adequete blood flow through the capillaries of various organs

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11
Q

What is the function of parallel arrangement?

A

Allows independent regulation of blood flow to different organs and adapts to the metabolic demands of the tissue

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12
Q

On what side of the heart is the bicuspid/mitral valve

A

Left

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13
Q

On what side of the heart is the tricuspid valve

A

right

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14
Q

Features of atrioventricular valves (AV)

A

Fairly ‘flimsy’ and attched by chordae tendinae

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15
Q

How do valves open?

A

Passively

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16
Q

Features of semi-lunar valves

A

Tricuspid, heavy duty, under more stress and physical abrasion

17
Q

Function of gap junctions and intercalated discs

A

Permit the easy transfer of ions and allows APs to spread (functional syncitium)

18
Q

What is functional syncitium?

A

Atrial myocardium cells are elctrically connected so depolarise and contract synchronously

19
Q

Effect on SAN of Sympathetic NS

A

Increases rate of SAN depolarisation

20
Q

Effect on SAN of Parasympathetic NS

A

Decreases rate of SAN depolarisation

21
Q

Give 2 effects of the SNS on the heart

A
  • Increases force and rate of contraction
  • controls vasculature
22
Q

Give the effect of the PSNS on the heart

A

slows HR

NB: PSNS has no way to relax blood vessels

23
Q

Describe a useful aspect of the venous syetm

A

Resovoir that has a high capacity for holding blood

24
Q

What is the importance of endothelial cells in pathology

A

changes in endothelial cells underlie many disease states

25
Q

How much blood is pumped through the body at rest?

A

5L/min (approx)